War and Diplomacy

Question 1

Losses in France, 1453 - Dan Jones quote?

Answer 1

‘The occupancies sought with increasing futility to convince first the enemy, and then themselves, that the English Kingdom of France was something that could be realistically maintained.’

Question 2

Losses in France, 1453 - Who did HV nominate to act as Regent in France?

Answer 2

his brother, John Duke of Bedford - job = to make sure English claims remained intact in France during minority of HVI

Question 3

Losses in France, 1453 - Which key individual / groups were trying to destroy English claims in France?

Answer 3

Dauphin - supported by Armagnacs - supported by Scots

Question 4

Losses in France, 1453 - In what year did the Battle of Verneuil occur? Who did it involve? What was the outcome? How did Dan Jones describe it?

Answer 4

1424
army led by John, Duke of Bedford VS French-Scottish army
Bedford won
Dan Jones - ‘the high point of John, Duke of Bedford’s recency in France, and of English fortunes on the continent as a whole.’

Question 5

Losses in France, 1453 - Joan of Arc - Who was she? What did she do? What does this result in for her and for the Dauphin?

Answer 5

peasant girl
heard voices from God telling her to fight off English invaders
convinced Charles to lead army against English - Charles
Joan of Arc captured and burnt at the steak
Dauphin crowned king Charles VII, July 1429

Question 6

Losses in France, 1453 - In what year did Philip, Duke of Burgundy, who had always been loyal to the English, declare loyalty to Charles VII?

Answer 6

1435

Question 7

Losses in France, 1453 - What did Sarah Gristwood write about HVI in her book ‘Blood Sisters’?

Answer 7

‘he was the last man on earth to rule what was already a turbulent country’

Question 8

Losses in France, 1453 - In what year was the treaty of Toures made?

Answer 8

1444

Question 9

Losses in France, 1453 - What were the main outcomes of the treaty of Toures?

Answer 9

2 year truce
HVI’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou
Surrendering of Maine to France

Question 10

Losses in France, 1453 - Which was the only part of France not lost by 1453?

Answer 10

Calais

Question 11

Losses in France, 1453 - In what year did the English attack Fourges in Brittany? Why? How is this shown by what the attack entailed? How did the Parliamentary Rolls describe the situation?

Answer 11

1449
Parliament refused to grant HVI taxes - money could be cause
looting = part of the attack
‘If war should occur…Normandy is in no way sufficient in itself to offer resistance against the great might of the enemy…they could not be defended.’

Question 12

Losses in France, 1453 - What were the consequences?

Answer 12

Jack Cade rebellion
war + high taxation
disolusioned soldiers among rebels

Question 13

Losses in France, 1453 - How did Dan Jones describe the people of Kent?

Answer 13

‘armed, organised, angry, frightened and ready to go to war to defend the realm…’

Question 14

Losses in France, 1453 - HVI's mental collapse - 
When did it happen? 
How long did it last? 
What did it lead to? 
How were his nobles and wife affected?

Answer 14

happened immediately after defeat at Castillon

lasted for 17/18 months

breakdown of law and order e.g. north - Percy VS Neville

tensions between York and Somerset
Margaret of Anjou’s power increasing
York protector

Question 15

Losses in France, 1453 - What did HV want?

Answer 15

regain lands in France held by his ancestors

king of France

Question 16

Losses in France, 1453 - When did HV capture the Port of Harfleur?

Answer 16

25th October, 1415

Question 17

Losses in France, 1453 - in what battle did HV famously defeat the French? In what year did this take place?

Answer 17

Agincourt

1415

Question 18

Losses in France, 1453 - Between which years did HV carry out the conquest of Normandy?

Answer 18

1417 - 1419

Question 19

Losses in France, 1453 - When was Rouen surrendered to HV?

Answer 19

January 1419

Question 20

Losses in France, 1453 - When did the French agree to the Treaty of Troyes?

Answer 20

May 1420

Question 21

Losses in France, 1453 - When did HV return to England for the first time in three and a half years and go on royal progress with his wife Catherine?

Answer 21

February 1421

Question 22

Losses in France, 1453 - When did HV die?

Answer 22

31 August, 1422

Question 23

Treaty of Piquigny, 1475 - What happened?

Answer 23

June 1475 - EIV invaded France with large army
funded by taxation
declared himself King of France + Duke of Normandy and Gascony
Louis XI met EIV on bridge over river Somme in Piquigny - Treaty of Piquigny - 7 year truce + pension of £10,000 per year
EIV pocketed tax money - people angry taxes and benevolences not paid back

Question 24

Spanish marriage 1499 - Who were Katherine’s parents?

Answer 24

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Isabella I of Castile

Question 25

Spanish marriage, 1499 - When did negotiations begin for the marriage?

Answer 25

1488

Question 26

Spanish marriage, 1499 - What treaty was signed? When? What did it do?

Answer 26

Treaty of Medina del Campo
1489
common policy towards France
reduced tariffs between England and Spain
marriage contract between Arthur + Katherine
dowry for Katherine = 200,000 crowns

Question 27

Spanish marriage, 1499 - population of England + Wales compared to France?

Answer 27

England + Wales = 2 1/2 million

France = 15 million

Question 28

Spanish marriage, 1499 - What was Spain’s motivation in allying English?

Answer 28

Spanish merchants would have protection of English ports

Question 29

Spanish marriage, 1499 - What happened after Arthur died in 1502?

Answer 29

HVIII wanted to marry Katherine
against rules of Catholic Church
asked Pope for permission - papal dispensation 1509

Isabella died - disagreements over inheritance of her estates in Castile
estates originally promised to Juana (K’s elder sister), married to Archduke Philip of the Lowlands
Isabella tried to disinherit Juana + pass lands to Ferdinand
Philip died

Ferdinand had not paid 2nd instalment of dowery to HVII - HVII started to look elsewhere for bride for HVIII
HVII died

Question 30

What alliances or marriages did Henry IV negotiate in order to stabilise his regime?

Answer 30

married Joan of Navarre

marries daughter to king of Norway, Sweden and Denmark