WAN protocols Flashcards
What WAN technology uses a PPP connection, terminal adapters to connect equipment to the line and uses Bandwidth on Demand Interoperability Group to combine 2 bearer channels into one?
ISDN
What are the two bandwidth specifications with Frame Relay?
1) Access rate
2) Committed Information Rate
The maximum at which the Frame Relay interface can transmit is known as what?
The Access rate
CIR denotes what?
the maximum bandwidth of data guaranteed to be delivered.
if your committed burst rate and Maximum Burst Rate (MBR) exceed the Access Rate, what happens?
the frames will be dropped
How are Frame Relay PVCs linked to the DTE end devices?
By Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs)
PPP works at what layers of the OSI model and relies on what other protocol to build and maintain data-link connections?
Data-Link layer and Physical. Relies on Link Control Protocol
The basic purpose of PPP is what?
to transport layer 3 packets across a data-link layer, point-to-point link.
In the PPP stack, the Network Control Protocol sits in what layer of the OSI model? Does this mean PPP works at layer 3?
Layer 3
No, PPP only functions at Layer 1 and Layer 2. NCP just allows it to transport Layer 3 protocols.
List the 5 PPP Link Control Protocol options
1) Authentication
2) Compression
3) Error Detection
4) Multilink
5) PPP Callback
Quality and Magic number options are used for what in LCP?
Error Detection
What PPP feature allows you to keep track of usage?
PPP Callback
The 3 phases of a PPP session establishment are?
1) Link-establishment phase
2) Authentication phase
3) Network layer protocol phase
in PPP session establishment, link-quality determination can occur at what phase?
the Authentication phase
how often does CHAP authenticate during a PPP session?
At the beginning and peridocailly throughout the session
What WAN protocol uses a hub sites with multiple spokes where the spokes don’t need to traverse the hub, conserve WAN bandwidth and are thus a cheaper option that leased circuits?
Dynamic Multi-Point VPNs
Broadly, what does SIP provide an organization?
Streaming media and unified communications
What protocol is a connection-oriented service and works by setting up virtual connections and transmitting data in 53-bytes cells?
ATM
Why is ATM inefficient?
because of the small pay-load size to header
Which WAN protocol was designed to support the forwarding of protocols other than TCP/IP and imposes labels to packets and uses them to forward packets
MultiProtocol Label Switching
What makes MPLS fast?
Routing look-ups are only done on the edge routers and they’re only forwarded by core routers
Ethernet cannot be connected to MPLS. TRUE or FALSE?
False, Ethernet over MPLS exists!
What term describes a transmission medium that carries multiple signals, that carry a wide range of frequencies, that’s faster than dial-up and is always on highspeed connection?
Broadband
What is a more cost effective solution to dedicate leased line that would allow you to terminate multiple circuits from different branch offices on the same physical interface at the HQ?
Frame Relay using Data Link Connection Identifiers
What’s the main reason for the development of PPPoE?
PPP was mainly suitable for low-bandwidth dialup connections. When DSL and Cable broadband came along, it was better to let the hosts using it use the ISP’s ethernet network, rather than the dial-up. Because ethernet has no inherent authentication/encryption mechanism and PPP does, PPP over Ethernet was born.
Which WAN protocol was designed to simplify and improve the performance of the routing process?
MPLS
What is frame filtering?
The technique that switches use to ensure that frames are sent only to the ports that match the destination MAC address. It’s what saves all the bandwidth!
