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Renal: Kidney Intro 4/9/13 > Wall Kidney Intro > Flashcards

Wall Kidney Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Glomerulus?

A

Big ball of capillaries

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2
Q

What does the glomerulus make?

A

Plasma/glomerular ultrafiltrate…this filtrate is cell free and protein free.

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3
Q

What percent of total blood flow do the kidneys get?

A

10% per kidney….20% total

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4
Q

What do the Tubules do?

A

Reabsorption

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5
Q

Tubules reabsorb how much of the filtrate?

A

178 out of 180 liters. This is why we only make about 1-2 liters of urine a day

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6
Q

Best test of kidney function>

A

GFR

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7
Q

Where does glomerular filtration go?

A

Bowmans capsule

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8
Q

4 stages of renal function>

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

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9
Q

Outermost layer of kidney?

A

Renal Cortex

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10
Q

What percent of bloodflow does the renall cortex receive?

A

90% of the 10% directed to the kidneys.

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11
Q

What is inside the renal cortex?

A

The glomeruli (about 800k of them)

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12
Q

What is deep to the renal cortex?

A

Medulla

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13
Q

What is inside the medulla

A

tubular structures, loop of henle, collecting ducts, etc…

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14
Q

Deep to medulla?

A

Hilum- arteries, veins, ureter, nerves, lymph, all here.

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15
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Glomerulus and Tubular structure

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16
Q

Where are Cortical nephrons?

A

superficial

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17
Q

Besides cortical nephrons, what is the other kind of nephron?

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

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18
Q

Are cortical nephrons operating at 100%?

A

NEVER. we use reserve when we eat high protein meals.

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19
Q

What is the major function of the juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Urine concentration

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20
Q

What, besides urine concentration does the juxtamedullary nephron play a large role in?

A

Na transport.

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21
Q

What is the only source of blood supply to the medulla?

A

Vasa Recta

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22
Q

What does the vasa recta follow?

A

Loop of henle

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23
Q

What can be transferred between the ascending and descending medulla?

A

solute and oxygen

24
Q

What is the glowerulus surrounded by?

A

Bowmans capsule

25
Q

What the hell is an afferent arteriole?

A

Supplies pre-glomerular resistance

26
Q

What the hell is the afferent arteriole?

A

supplies pre-glomerular resistance

27
Q

What the hell is the efferent arteriole?

A

Post glomerular resistance

28
Q

Describe the capillary wall of the glomeruli?

A

endothelial cells are the innermost layer, then glomerular basement membrane, then foot processes

29
Q

Why the complexity of the capillary wall?

A

designed to keep in large proteins, mostly albumin…keeps it out of urinary space.

30
Q

Are glomeruli perfused by higher or lower pressure than ordinary capillaries?

A

Higher

31
Q

WHy higher pressure in the glomerulus?

A

In favor of filtration

32
Q

Why are foot processes negatively charged?

A

Becuase, albumin is actually small enough that it COULD pass through the glomerular capillary wall. The negative charges repel it. Foot processes surround every glomerular capillary

33
Q

What is a mesangium?

A

Provides skeletal structure to support the capillary loops

34
Q

Are mesagnial cells contractile?

A

Yes, contain actin and myosin so that they can alter capillary surface area for filtration

35
Q

WHy do mesangial cells have macrophage function?

A

To remove circulating immune complexes.

36
Q

What layer(s) separate the mesangium from the circulation

A

only the endothelial layer

37
Q

Podocytes?

A

Visceral epithelial cells (foot process) very negatively charged. ANy disease that results in proteinuria has a problem with this

38
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A

Senses how much tubular fluid is reaching the macula densa. 90% of fluid reabsorbed before reaching macula densa/

39
Q

What comes before the macula densa?

A

ALL tubular segments,,, thats why 90% of fluid is reabsorbed prior to reaching the MD.

40
Q

After the macula densa?

A

Distal nephron segment for fine tuning homeostasis.

41
Q

What is Tubular Glomerular feedback>

A

feedback from the the tubule to the glomerulus. If it senses too much delivery to the distal nephron, it changes the filtration rate.

42
Q

Starling forces?

A

promote filtration, hydrostatic out of capilary.

43
Q

This doesnt cover the formulas

A

or the last few pages of the presentation…look at that.

44
Q

Define renal clearance

A

Volume of plasma cleared of a particular substance by elimination into the urine per unit time.

45
Q

Renal clearance =

A

(Urine concentration of substance z)x Urine flow rate/ Plasma concentration of substance z

46
Q

Best measure of GFR?

A

creatinine clearance

47
Q

Clearance Ratio

A

Clearance of a particular

48
Q

clearance ratio?

A

clearance rate of a substance over the GFR

49
Q

What is clearance ration used for?

A

To tell us how the kidney handles a particular substance

50
Q

Clearance ratio 1, less than 1, more than 1

A

1- creatinine, less= filtered then reabsorbed, more than= filtered and secreted
0= too large to be filtered or completely filtered and completely reabsorbed

51
Q

About what percent of Renal Plasma Flow becomes glomerular filtrate?

A

20%

52
Q

Volume Depletion (bleeding) leads to activation of what system

A

Renin Angiotensin

53
Q

What is the key cell in reabsorption>

A

Renal epithelial cell

54
Q

Two types of renal epithelial cell transporter?

A

Luminal, Basolateral

55
Q

What separates luminal transporters from basolateral?

A

Tight junctions

56
Q

Are there a bunch of Na out K in pumps on the basolateral surface? Luminal?

A

Basolateral- Yep
Luminal- No way. this would be counterproductive, you are trying to reomove Na from the filtrate and take it back into the cells, this would pump it out.

57
Q

What is load dependent reabsorption?

A

The proximal tubule reabsorbs 50-55% of the filtered load even when GFR increases.
Fraction of filtrate reabsorbed stays the same always.

Renal: Kidney Intro 4/9/13 (1 decks)

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