Walking gait patterns

Question 1

Sagittal gait features

Answer 1

• stride length- heel contact to same foot heel contact
• cadence
• speed

Question 2

Frontal gait features

Answer 2

-BOS (3-9 cm in adults0

Question 3

Transverse gait features

Answer 3

foot progression angle- angle between line of progression and the alignment of the second ray of the foot

Question 4

Foot progression angle in adults

Answer 4

+7 degrees of out toeing

Question 5

Foot progression angle children

Answer 5

• prepubescent children +2 degrees out toeing

- post-pubescent (16yrs) +7 degrees

Question 6

4 phases of gait

Answer 6

1. weight acceptance
2. single limb support
3. early swing limb advancement
4. late swing limb advancement

Question 7

Weight acceptance

phases, what

Answer 7

1. initial contact
2. loading response

• body’s weight is transferred to reference limb
• shock absorption is important

Question 8

Single limb support

phases, what

Answer 8

1. midstance
2. terminal stance

-single limb supports body, body moves in front of reference limb

Question 9

Early swing limb advancement

phases, what

Answer 9

1. preswing
2. initial swing

• reference limb generates momentum through forward propulsion
• pushing off surface, then rapid flexing of reference limb to clear limb

Question 10

Late swing limb advancement

phases, what

Answer 10

1. midswing
2. terminal swing

-reference limb is decelerated

Question 11

Initial contact

Answer 11

foot contacts the ground

Question 12

Loading response

Answer 12

BW is transferred to reference limb and shock is absorbed on a flexed limb

Question 13

Midstance

Answer 13

body moves over a stationary foot and balance on one foot is maintained

Question 14

Terminal stance

Answer 14

body progresses past stationary foot and balance is maintained

Question 15

Preswing

Answer 15

generation of momentum for forward propulsion for SLA

Question 16

Initial swing

Answer 16

clearance of swing limb

Question 17

Midswing

Answer 17

deceleration of limb

Question 18

Terminal swing

Answer 18

extended limb for step length and preparation for loading

Question 19

Critical events at ankle

Answer 19

1. heel first contact (IC)
2. Controlled plantarflexion- 5 deg (LR)
3. Controlled tibial advance (Mstance)
4. Ankle dorsiflexion 10 deg w/ heel rise (Tstance)
5. Rapid Plantarflexion 15 deg (Pswing)
6. Dorsiflexion to 0 (Mswing)

Question 20

Controlled tibial advance

Answer 20

in midstance, ankle moving from a PF at loading response to a slightly DF position at midstance

Question 21

Critical events at knee

Answer 21

1. controlled knee flexion 15 deg (LR)
2. Passive knee flexion 40 deg (Pswing)
3. Max knee flexion to 60 deg (Iswing)
4. Knee extension to 0 (Tswing)

Question 22

Critical events at hip

Answer 22

1. Hip stability (LR)
2. Trailing limb (Tstance)
3. Hip flexion to 15 deg (Iswing)
4. Max hip flexion to 25 (Mswing)