Walking

Question 1

Describe the phases of gate

Answer 1

Stance phase
Heel strike, foot flat, mid stance, he’ll are, at tail off

Swing phase
Early, mid, late

Question 2

Describe the changes at the hip joint

Answer 2

At heel strike– Flexion

Means to neutral with foot flat into mid stance

As toe off– neutral with internal rotation

Through early Through early mid mid and late swing –hip continues into flexion with some forward rotation of the pelvis

Question 3

Describe the changes at the knee joint

Answer 3

Slight flexion at heel strike – to absorb the force of impact

As foot is flat, flexion increases as load increases

Followed by extension as the heel lifts off

Moves into flexion to tell off

Continues into flexion of the early swing phase

Swings through into extension ready for heel strike

Question 4

Describe the changes at the ankle joint

Answer 4

Neutral For heelstrike

Foot flat– slight plantarflexion

Mid stance – – Moves into dorsiflexion

Increased dorsiflexion as heel off

moves back into plantarflexion to push off

Remains a slight plantarflexion throughout swing phase with dorsiflexion just before heelstrike

Question 5

Describe the movement at the pelvis

Answer 5

Tilts to the side of the stance limb at mid stance, reciprocal arm swing

Question 6

describe the muscle contraction at heel strike

Answer 6

Concentric gluteus maximus and hamstrings

Eccentric quadriceps

Question 7

Describe the muscle contraction at foot flat

Answer 7

Concentrically glut max and hamstrings

Eccentric quadriceps and dorsiflexors

Question 8

Describe the muscle contraction at mid stance

Answer 8

Hip extension is due to momentum

Eccentric hip abductors to lower pelvis to swing side

Short burst of concentric dorsiflexors– Paul to be over foot – then momentum

Eccentric plantarflexion to slow movement

Question 9

Describing the muscle contraction at heel off

Answer 9

hip extension and dorsiflexion are due to momentum

Question 10

The muscle contraction at toe off

Answer 10

Eccentric plantarflexors

Question 11

Describe the muscle contraction in early swing

Answer 11

Mainly momentum and gravity

Slight concentric contraction hip flexors and quadriceps

Question 12

Describe the muscle contraction in late swing

Answer 12

Eccentric hamstrings to slow momentum

Concentric dorsiflexion is to clear foot