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GERI > Walden > Flashcards

Walden Flashcards

1
Q

1st line treatment is Propranolol/Inderal

A

Tremor

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2
Q

give Ambien not Benadryl

A

Insomnia in elderly

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3
Q
  1. Heart issues,
  2. Cancers (lung, colorectal),
  3. Chronic lower respiratory disease
A

Death - HCC

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4
Q

highest mortality, smoking common risk factor, non-small cell carcinoma,
Dx - gold standard lung biopsy, cxray, CBC, refer to pulmonologist low dose CT, stop
screening if smoking stops for 15 years or short life expectancy

A

Lung cancer

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5
Q

risk factors age, IBD, family history, colon polyps, lifestyle risk factors,
Dx - screen at 50 colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy in 5 years, fecal occult test, CBC, refer to gastro

A

Colorectal cancer

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6
Q

cancer of the bone marrow, bone pain, weakness,
Dx - CBC, FOBT,
Tx - refer to hematologist affects African race

A

Multiple myeloma

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7
Q

lethal cancer 5-year survival rate, most metastases by time of diagnoses, weight loss , anorexia, jaundice weakness, and abdominal pain
Dx - AST ALT bilirubin lipase amylase
Tx - refer to GI surgeon for Whipple procedure

A

Pancreatic cancer

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8
Q

or pencil like stool rule out colon cancer

A

Ribbon like

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9
Q

acute onset of limping, guarding, difficulty bearing weight, new onset of
hip pain referred to knee or groin, unequal leg length, affected led is abducted

A

Hip fracture

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10
Q

opacity in lens, difficulty with glare, halos around light, blurred vision,
gradual onset of decreased night vision, red reflex disappears (Red reflex is now opaque gray instead of orange red glow) COMMON CAUSE OF BLINDNESS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

A

Cataracts

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11
Q

loss of center vision, loss of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity but still have peripheral vision, may find Drusen bodies,
Dx - Amsler grid to evaluate central vision changes COMMON CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN UNITED STATES

A

Macular degeneration

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12
Q

sudden onset of shower floaters/specs with looking thru curtain with sudden flashes of light, risk factors extreme nearsightness, cataract surgery, family history,
Tx - laser surgery or cryopexy (freezing) refer to ED, lead to blindness

A

Retinal detachment

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13
Q

an arc or circle around the cornea, common in older adults >50, opaque grayish to white ring at the periphery of the cornea, not associated with visual changes, caused by cholesterol and fat deposit, Dx - check lipid profile

A

Arcus senilis

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14
Q

is affected by age than humoral immunity

A

Cellular immunity

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15
Q

is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that may be
accompanied by a change in attitude – from positive and caring to negative and unconcerned, Caregivers who are “burned out” may experience fatigue, stress, anxiety, and depression anxiety, depression, irritability, feeling tired and run down, Difficulty sleeping, Overreacting to minor nuisances, New or worsening health problems.

A

Caregiver burnout

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16
Q

Chronic form, before loss of peripheral visual fields, its asymptomatic, excellent prognosis if TX early

A

Open angle glaucoma

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17
Q

ill appearing, sudden decrease visual acuity, eyes reddened, profuse tearing, acute onset of eye pain, acute visual loss, severe headache, N/V, may lead to blindness, halos around lights, cloudy cornea,
Tx - refer to ED tonometry in ED to measure IOP

A

Angle closure glaucoma

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18
Q

caused by obstruction of the outflow channels, especially the meshwork (affected by aging), or overproduction of the aqueous humor. Ocular trauma, inflammation of the uveitis, chronic steroid use, vasoproliferative retinopathy, and recurrent retinal hemorrhages, KNOW WHAT PART OF THE EYE CAN BE SEEN ON OPTHOMOLOGIC EXAM THAT WILL SHOW IOP

A

IOP intraocular pressure

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19
Q

temporal headache one side with tenderness or induration over temporal artery, sudden visual loss in one eye, scalp tenderness on affected side
Dx - elevated sedimentation rate, CRP, refer to ER

A

Temporal arthreitis

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20
Q

sudden onset of neuro dysfunction worsens within hours, brain attack, blurred vision, slurred speech, one sided weakness, hemianopsia, confusion, symptoms dependent on side of infarct, TIA is temporary episode lasting less than 24 hours

A

CVA

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21
Q

underlying illness involving marked weight loss and muscle loss.

A

Cachexia

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22
Q

loss of muscle mass related to aging

A

Sarcopenia

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23
Q

systolic blood pressure drops 20 mmHg or more within 3 minutes moving to a more upright position

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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24
Q

NSAID increases risk of GI bleed or ulceration

A

Celecoxib

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25
Q

a person who is from 80 to 89 years old.

A

Octogenarian

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26
Q

sty

A

Hordeolum

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27
Q

high pitch hearing loss from aging, generally sensorineural not conductive

A

Presbycusis

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28
Q

loss involves external canal and middle ear preventing sound from
traveling beyond the middle ear

A

Conductive hearing

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29
Q

reduces prostate size

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

30
Q

not normal sign of aging,

Tx - lifestyle modifications, dietary, Kegel absorbent pads, refer to urologist

A

Urinary incontinence

31
Q

pressure form laughing, sneezing coughing,

Tx - Kegel exercise decongestants

A

Stress incontinence

32
Q

sudden strong urge to void immediately, overactive bladder TX anticholinergics/oxybutynin, impamine/tricyclic/antidepressant

A

Urge incontinence

33
Q

frequent dribbling from full bladder, due to blockage BPH,

Dx - BPH

A

Overflow incontinence

34
Q

problems with mobility, pulling pants down

Tx - physical therapy bedside commode

A

Functional in incontinence

35
Q

stress and urge incontinence

A

Mixed incontinence

36
Q

herniation of bladder TX refer for pessary placement

A

Cystocele

37
Q

rectum TX Kegel, avoid straining, pessary placement

A

Rectocele

38
Q

cervix, TX avoid straining, pessary placement, surgical repair by
urologist

A

Uterine prolapse

39
Q

TX education and behavior modification, dietary changes, bulk
forming fibers, physical activity, fluid intake, laxative treatment, bowel retraining program

A

Chronic constipation

40
Q

irreversible brain disorder involves loss of learned cognitive and physical/motor skills, common cause is 1. Alzheimer, 2nd vascular

A

Dementia

41
Q

brain image MRI, thorough history of patients changed behavior, memory, function, personality form family, cognitive testing performance scales (flostein mini-mental exam MMSE, min- cog, ACE-R, Beck depression, ADL self-performance, Index of social engagement)

A

Dementia Dx

42
Q

Thorough health, drug, medical history, family interview, refer to neurologist, MRI of brain preferred image testing

A

Dementia Tx

43
Q

accumulation of neurofibrillary plaques/tangles cause permanent damage to brain life expectancy 65 years old, diagnosed 4- 8 years, 3 A’s Aphasia- difficulty verbalizing,
Apraxia- difficulty walking, Agnosia- inability to recognize familiar people or objects

A

Alzheimer

44
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors – Aricept/donepezil, galantamine/razadyne, rivastigmine/Exelon, memantine/Namenda, ginko bilba, refer to neuro

A

Alzheimer Tx

45
Q
  • Lewy bodies often have memory loss and thinking problems common in Alzheimer’s
  • initial or early symptoms such as sleep disturbances, well-formed visual hallucinations, and slowness, gait imbalance or other parkinsonian movement features.
A

Dementia with Lewy bodies

46
Q

Previously known as multi-infarct or post-stroke dementia, vascular dementia is less common as a sole cause of dementia than Alzheimer’s, accounting for about 10 percent of dementia cases.

A

Vascular dementia

47
Q

Symptoms: Impaired judgment or ability to make decisions, plan or organize is more likely to be the initial symptom, as opposed to the memory loss often associated with the initial symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Occurs from blood vessel blockage or damage leading to infarcts (strokes) or bleeding in the brain.

A

Vascular dementia s/s

48
Q

Most common type of dementia; accounts for an estimated 60 to 80 percent of cases. Symptoms:

A

Alzheimer’s disease

49
Q

Difficulty remembering recent conversations, names or events is often an early clinical symptom; apathy and depression are also often early symptoms. Later symptoms include impaired communication, poor judgment, disorientation, confusion, behavior changes and difficulty speaking, swallowing and walking.

A

Alzheimer’s S/S

50
Q

Includes dementias such as behavioral variant, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Symptoms: Typical symptoms include changes in personality and behavior and difficulty with language. Nerve cells in the front and side regions of the brain are especially affected.

A

Frontotemporal dementia

Pick’s Disease

51
Q

Acute confusional state, reversible temporary process, duration hours to days, acute and dramatic onset, excitable irritable combative short attention span, memory loss disorientation, fever, shock, dehydration, substance abuse, drug to drug interaction, infection, electrolyte imbalance,
Tx - treat illness, infection and delirium will resolve

A

Delirium

52
Q

occurs in both delirium and dementia patient becomes agitated, confused, combative, resolves in morning
Tx - avoid quiet and dark rooms, well- lit rooms avoid drugs that affect cognition

A

Sun downing phenomenon

53
Q

progressive neurogenerative disease depression is common,
Dx - 3 symptoms tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, gradual onset of pill rolling, shuffling gait, poor balance, mood disorders, daytime sleepiness, worsening sebhorric dermatitis,
Tx - bradykinesia tremors, Carbidopa/levodopa, physical therapy speech therapy, deep brain stimulation, refer to neuro

A

Parkinson’s disease

54
Q

action or postural tremor not resting tremor, not curable but can be controlled with medication TX propranolol, Mysoline refer to neurologist

A

Essential tremor

55
Q

loss sense of smell

A

Anosmia

56
Q

form of aphasia, unable to recall names of everyday objects

A

Anomia

57
Q

difficulty verbalizing

A

Aphasia

58
Q

difficulty to remember learned motor skill

A

Apraxia

59
Q

difficulty cording voluntary movement

A

Ataxia

60
Q

inability recognize object placed in palm

A

Astereognosis

61
Q

inability to recognize familiar people or objects

A

Agnosia

62
Q

memory loss

A

Amnesia

63
Q

reduced voluntary muscle

A

Akinesia

64
Q

intense need to move, restlessness

A

Akathisia

65
Q

loss of motivation or desire to do tasks, urinates in public

A

Abulia

66
Q

ability to speak but not comprehend

A

Brocas aphasia

67
Q

lying due to not remembering event

A

Cofabulation

68
Q

abnormal involuntary muscle rigidity

A

Dyskinesia

69
Q

nvoluntary repetitive muscle movements muscle spasms

A

Dystonia

70
Q

when asked to interpret a proverb

A

Abstract thinking

71
Q

popular screening for dementia and Alzheimer’s

A

Flostein mini-mental exam MMSE

GERI (2 decks)

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