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CARDIO > Walden > Flashcards

Walden Flashcards

1
Q

(audible between 1st and 2nd heart sound)

A

Systolic murmurs

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2
Q

(high pitch), heard at mitral area- radiates to left axilla

A

MR/mitral regurg

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3
Q

(medium pitch) heard at AORTA area- radiates to neck

A

AS/aortic stenosis

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4
Q

(midsystolic click) heard at mitral area

A

MVP/mitral valve prolapse

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5
Q

ABNORMAL ASSOC WITH AORTIC/PULMONIC VALVES (audible between 2nd and 1st heart sound)

A

Diastolic murmurs

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6
Q

(high pitch) heard at AORTA area

A

AR/aortic regurg

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7
Q

(low pitch with bell) heard at mitral area

A

MS/mitral stenosis

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8
Q

closure of atrioventricular valves , state of systole

A

S1

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9
Q

closure of semilunar valves

A

S2

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10
Q

heard in pulmonic, sign of CHF, S3 gallop heard in pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis/ know other presentations of HF

A

S3

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11
Q

heard in elderly not associated with heart disease, normal

A

S4

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12
Q

apical/radial pulse taken at same time, find difference

A

Pulse deficit

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13
Q

causes sudden death in young athletes

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

5th ICS midclavicular, apex, apical area, PMI, apical pulse

A

Mitral area

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15
Q

2nd ICS to the right side of upper border of sternum,

A

Aorta area

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16
Q

First time audible LOUD WITH PALPABLE THRILL

A

Grade of murmurs 4

17
Q

lifestyle modification changes, lose weight, stop smoking, reduce sodium, limit alcohol, adequate electrolytes

A

HTN- first line therapy

18
Q

arterioles pressing on veins, arteries are smaller than veins, its hypertensive retinopathy, copper wire arterioles, flamed shaped hemorrhages

A

HTN- AV nicking

19
Q

America flag change of colors fingertips toes TX CCB

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

20
Q

narrowing of the large blood vessel that leads from the heart, systolic BP on lower extremities is supposed to be higher compared to upper extremities, in COA its vice/versa (weak radial pulse and bounding femoral pulse) CAUSED BY CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT

A

Coarctation aorta

21
Q

Impedance of arterial blood flow in lower extremities ankle brachial index

A

Peripheral arterial disease

22
Q

check pedal pulses, ABI test exercise by walking lifestyle modifications -smoking cessation, antiplatelet

A

Peripheral arterial disease TX

23
Q

varicose veins result from venous incompetence secondary to valvular dysfunction, low extremity edema, skin discoloration, ulceration, DVT/PE are complications warm to touch

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

24
Q

light exercise, stockings, weight loss, elevate legs

A

Chronic venous insufficiency TX

25
Q

right side heart fx, causes HF, pulm HTN, tricuspid valve stenosis, superior vena cava obstruction, constrictive pericarditis, hypervolemia, cardiac tamponade

A

Jugular vein distention

26
Q

sharp pain, worsens laying down

A

Pericarditis

27
Q

infection of the endocardium Fever is the most common symptom of IE TX amoxicillin or macrolide

A

Bacterial endocarditis

28
Q

An abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration. The normal fall in pressure is less than 10 mmHg. Associated with status asthmatic-us

A

Pulsus paradoxes or paradoxical pulse

29
Q

Atrial and diastolic pressures in the ventricle and pericardial pressures as well as exaggerated inspiratory decrease in arterial systolic pressure (pulsus paradoxus) and arterial hypotension

A

Cardiac tamponade

30
Q

Most often present at birth but can occur in adults after surgery or a heart attack involves a hole in the wall between the heart’s lower chambers, blue skin from poor circulation. TX Lasix, Lisinopril, percutaneous vsd closure sx, self-heal,

A

Ventricular septal defect

31
Q

hyperkalemia, Vision changes (unusual), including blind spots, blurred vision, changes in how colors look, or seeing spots Dx digoxin level, electrolytes

A

Digoxin toxicity

32
Q

Chest pain relieved by rest

A

Angina

33
Q

Chest pain not relieved by rest squeezing tightness, elephant sitting on my chest, ST Elevation and tomb stone on EKG

A

MI

34
Q

First line TX Ace or Arb

A

CHF

35
Q

TX first line life modifications, niacin fenofibrate

A

Cholesterol<200 HDL >40 LDL <100, Triglycerides <150

36
Q

side effect confusion, rhabdo-lab is CK, no grapefruit, antifungals, abxs,

A

Statins

37
Q

Abdominal obesity, HTN, hyperlipidemia, related to diabetes

A

Metabolic syndrome

38
Q

Weight/height Greater than 25

A

BMI

CARDIO (2 decks)

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