Wake Turbulence Separation Flashcards
When are wake vortices generated?
By fixed wing aircraft they are generated when the nose wheel lifts off the runway and continue until the nose wheel touches down on landing.
With a helicopter when weight transferred from landing gear to the rotor a strong downwash is created in all directions, and when they are in forward flight the downwash from the main rotor transforms to a pair of trailing vortices that may be more intense than for a comparable fixed-wing aircraft.
When is wake turbulence separation applied to aircraft on final approach?
- -When an aircraft is operating directly behind another aircraft at the same altitude or less than 1000ft below; or,
- -When an aircraft is crossing behind another aircraft at the same altitude or less than 1000ft below; or
- -when both aircraft are using the same runway or parallel runways separated by less than 760m.
What is the landing wake turbulence between a HEAVY and a SMALL category aircraft?
6nm.
What is the landing wake turbulence between a HEAVY and an UPPER MEDIUM category aircraft?
5nm.
Which aircraft are counted as Upper Medium in the Wake Turbulence tables?
Boeing 757 and 707, Douglas DC8, and Ilyushin IL62.
What is the landing wake turbulence between a HEAVY and a LIGHT category aircraft?
7nm.
What is the landing wake turbulence between a MEDIUM and a SMALL category aircraft?
Lower Medium: 3nm.
Upper Medium: 4nm.
What is the landing wake turbulence between a MEDIUM and a LIGHT category aircraft?
Lower Medium: 5nm.
Upper Medium: 6nm.
How is departure wake turbulence separation applied?
Wake turbulence separation minima on departure shall be applied by measuring airborne times between successive aircraft. Take-off clearance may be issued with an allowance for the anticipated take-off run on the runway - but the airborne time interval shall reflect a difference of at least the required time separation.
When does departure wake turbulence separation minima apply?
Departure wake turbulence should be applied when aircraft are using:
- -the same runway; or
- -parallel runways separated by less than 760m; or
- -crossing runways if the projected flight paths will cross at the same altitude or less than 1000ft below; or
- -parallel runways separated by 760m if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross at the same altitude or less than 1000ft below.
What departure wake turbulence separation should be applied between a HEAVY and a MEDIUM category aircraft departing from the same point on the runway?
2 minutes.
What departure wake turbulence separation should be applied between a HEAVY and a HEAVY category aircraft departing from the same point on the runway?
4nm or time equivalent.
What departure wake turbulence separation should be applied between a MEDIUM and a SMALL category aircraft departing from the same point on the runway?
No separation required.
What departure wake turbulence separation should be applied between a HEAVY and a LIGHT category aircraft departing from the same point on the runway?
2 minutes.
What departure wake turbulence separation should be applied between a MEDIUM and a LIGHT category aircraft departing from the same point on the runway?
2 minutes.
