Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBB163 > Wainwright (Autumn) > Flashcards

Wainwright (Autumn) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main reason we study MOs?

A
  • cause disease in humans, animals and plants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of MOs are the main agents of disease in humans?

A
  • bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do fungi cause disease?

A
  • not usually, but can do

- cause mould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What disease do protozoa cause?

A
  • malaria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do algae cause?

A
  • not disease

- toxic algal blooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How were MOs 1st observed?

A
  • Leeuwenhoek
  • single lens microscope
  • drop of water acted as 2nd lens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How were diseases originally thought to be spread?

A
  • by poisonous air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How was the smallpox vaccination dev, and who by?

A
  • Wortley injected small amounts of smallpox, most survived and were protected
  • Jenner used cowpox as vaccination as not lethal
  • Jesty did work before Jenner but not credited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was Semmelweis responsible for?

A
  • intro of hand washing

- recognition that doctors and midwives spread disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was Pasteur responsible for?

A
  • defeated theory of spontaneous generation

- MOs in air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was Snow responsible for?

A
  • concluded cholera caused by contaminated water (sewage etc.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was Koch responsible for?

A
  • Kochs postulates –> 1 organism for 1 disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was Lister responsible for?

A
  • intro antiseptic surgery
  • sprayed carbolic acid in the air
  • gave surgeons more time to operate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was Ehrlich responsible for?

A
  • discovered 1st antibacterial agent, Salverson 606
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who contributed to the discovery and use of Penicillin?

A
  • Fleming discovered (1st antibiotic)

- Florey and Chain dev it for medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Domagk responsible for?

A
  • intro 1st Sulfa drug, Prontosil
17
Q

What is an anthropocentric assumption?

A
  • life assumed to have originated
18
Q

What is life?

A
  • C based –> bonds reversible, Si bonds too stable to release energy for metabolism
  • ordered
  • replicateable (reproduction)
  • DNA based
19
Q

What is the chemical theory for the origin of life?

A
  • life originated from simple chemicals
  • standard scientific view
  • AAs –> proteins –> membranes –> DNA –> proto-organism
20
Q

If panspermia was true what would we expect to find?

A
  • expect MO life elsewhere
21
Q

What is the litho theory for the origin of life?

A
  • life originated from asteroids
22
Q

What do comets contain, making them perfect for life?

A
  • water
  • organics
  • oxygen
  • CO2
  • can reach 40ºC
23
Q

What is panspermia?

A
  • origin of life from space
24
Q

What is neopanspermia?

A
  • life continues to come to Earth from space
25
What was the Indian Sampling Balloon and what did it uncover? (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe)
- sent into high cold biosphere - done when no eruption w/in 2 years to avoid criticism - sampling pod and cryo tube concentrated atmosphere and take in particles under v sterile conditions - particle mass found from 41km, 10μm, carbocyanine DNA, proved alive, had dimensions of bacteria
26
What is serendipity?
- accidental discovery
27
What size particles are carried upwards in space?
- less than 6μm
28
What did Rose and Baker do?
- used sampling drawer, opens in space, things fall in and closes again - found new stratospheric particles
29
How do we know particles found are from space?
- never find fungal spores or pollen on inside of sampler, only outside - if particles from Earth, then would be bits of plants but images clear - particles found too big to be leaving Earth
30
Who other than Fleming claimed to have discovered Penicillin, and why did his claim fail?
- Duschesne | - fails as fungal isolate killed E. coli so prob Pauline
31
Who was Fleming working w/ when he discovered Penicillin and what was he doing?
- Bigger | - grew bacteria on plates for long periods, became unusual shapes
32
What was on Fleming's famous plate?
- Staph, fungus mould from atmosphere contaminated plate - zone of inhibition where bacteria lysed - thought prod lysozyme
33
What role Paine play in the Penicillin story?
- taught by Fleming - put bandages w/ culture on skin disease - tested on ophthalmo neutorum by dipping in eye, cured - didn't publish or do talks, so no credit - told Florey about importance, as cured babies, so aided purification
34
What role did Reid play in the Penicillin story?
- wrote papers in early 30s | - like Fleming didn't purify or inject animals
35
What role did Florey play in the Penicillin story?
- purified penicillin w/ Chain - made into an injectable drug - saved lives of many soldiers

MBB163 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions