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A Level H2 Chemistry > WA 1 Alkane, Alkene And Arenes > Flashcards

WA 1 Alkane, Alkene And Arenes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

True or False: Arenes are cyclic compounds containing alternating double bonds.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the main functional group of alkenes?

A

Alkene group (C=C)

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4
Q

True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the process called that converts alkenes into alkanes?

A

Hydrogenation

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6
Q

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

Which compound is a structural isomer of butane?

A

Isobutane

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8
Q

What type of reaction do alkenes typically undergo?

A

Electrophilic addition

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9
Q

What is the main characteristic of aromatic compounds?

A

Stability due to resonance

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10
Q

What is the hybridization of carbon in alkenes?

A

sp2

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11
Q

True or False: Alkanes can undergo substitution reactions.

A

True

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The reaction of benzene with bromine in the presence of a catalyst is an example of ______.

A

Electrophilic substitution

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13
Q

What is the bond angle in alkenes?

A

120 degrees

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14
Q

Which type of isomerism is observed in alkenes?

A

Geometric isomerism (cis-trans)

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15
Q

What is the main product of the complete combustion of alkanes?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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16
Q

What is the common name for C6H6?

A

Benzene

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17
Q

Which reaction involves the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes?

A

Hydrohalogenation

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18
Q

True or False: Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes.

A

True

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19
Q

What type of bond connects benzene’s carbon atoms?

A

Sigma and pi bonds

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alkene with water is called ______.

A

Hydration

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21
Q

What is the main difference between aliphatic and aromatic compounds?

A

Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring.

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22
Q

True or False: Alkenes can participate in polymerization reactions.

A

True

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23
Q

What is the hybridization of carbon in alkanes?

A

sp3

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down alkanes into smaller molecules is called ______.

A

Cracking

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25
Q

Which type of reaction do alkanes typically undergo?

A

Substitution reactions

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26
Q

What is the term for compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas?

A

Isomers

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27
Q

What is the effect of branching on the boiling point of alkanes?

A

It decreases the boiling point.

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28
Q

True or False: Benzene is a saturated hydrocarbon.

29
Q

What type of reaction is an elimination reaction?

A

A reaction that involves the removal of atoms or groups from a molecule.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The addition of bromine to an alkene is an example of ______.

A

Electrophilic addition

31
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of aromatic compounds?

A

They exhibit resonance.

32
Q

True or False: Alkenes can undergo combustion reactions.

33
Q

What is the bond angle in alkanes?

A

109.5 degrees

34
Q

What is the main product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon monoxide

35
Q

What is the term for the process of adding hydrogen to an alkene?

A

Hydrogenation

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alkene with a halogen is called ______.

A

Halogenation

37
Q

What is the main characteristic of alkanes?

A

They are saturated hydrocarbons.

38
Q

True or False: All alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

39
Q

What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in benzene?

40
Q

What type of hydrocarbon is cyclohexane?

A

Cyclic alkane

41
Q

What is the IUPAC name for C6H12?

42
Q

Which of the following reactions is characteristic of alkenes?

A

Addition reactions

43
Q

True or False: Aromatic compounds follow Huckel’s rule.

44
Q

What is the term for a hydrocarbon with only single bonds?

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

45
Q

What type of reaction can benzene undergo?

A

Electrophilic substitution

46
Q

True or False: Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The reaction of alkenes with water in acid is called ______.

48
Q

True or False: Alkenes can form polymers.

49
Q

True or False: Alkanes are generally more reactive than alkenes.

50
Q

What is the molecular formula for cyclohexene?

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of adding a halogen to an alkene is called ______.

A

Halogenation

52
Q

What is the bond angle around carbon atoms in alkanes?

A

109.5 degrees

53
Q

What is the primary product of the combustion of alkenes?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

54
Q

True or False: Aromatic compounds are always unsaturated.

55
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form an alkane from an alkene? And what kind of reaction is this?

A

(1) H2 gas, Ni catalyst, high temp & pressure OR
(2) H2 gas, Pd or Pt catalyst

Reduction

56
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form a halogenalkane (CnH2n+1X) from an alkane? What type of reaction is this?

A

Limited Cl2 or Br2 and UV light

Free Radical Substitution

57
Q

What are the products formed from complete and incomplete combustion of an alkane?

A

Complete (Excess O2): CO2 + H2O

Incomplete (Limited O2): CO + H2O

58
Q

What are the products formed from complete and incomplete combustion of an alkane?

A

Complete (Excess O2): CO2 + H2O

Incomplete (Limited O2): CO + H2O

59
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to from an alkene from a halogenoalkane? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1)Alcoholic KOH, heat OR
(2) NaOH in ethanol, heat

Elimination Apply Saytzeff’s Rule to predict the location of the double bond

60
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form an alkene from an alcohol? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1) Excess conc. H2SO4, heat OR
(2) Excess conc. H3PO4, heat OR
(3) Al2O3, heat

Elimination (Apply Saytzeff’s Rule)

61
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form alcohol from alkenes? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1) Steam, high temp and pressure, conc. H3PO4 catalyst OR
(2) Cold conc. H2SO4 followed by hot water

Electrophilic Addition (Apply Markovnikov’s Rule to predict the location of the -OH group)

62
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form a mono substituted halogenoalkane from an alkene? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1) Dry HX(g) OR
(2) HX in CCl4

Electrophilic Addition (Apply Markovnikov’s Rule)

63
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form an halogeno-alcohol from an alkene? What type of reaction is this?

A

Aqueous X2

Electrophilic Addition (Apply Markovnikov’s Rule)

64
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form a di-substituted halogenoalkane from an alkene? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1) X2 in CCl4 in the dark OR
(2) X2 (g or l) in the dark

Electrophilic Addition

65
Q

What are the different products formed alcohols under different oxidative conditions? What are the reagents and conditions?

A

Strong Oxidation:
(1) Hot acidified KMnO4 OR
(2) Hot alkaline KMnO4
Cleaves the C=C double bonds
Terminal Carbons form CO2 + H2O
Primary Carbons form Carboxylic acids
Secondary Carbons form Ketones

Mild Oxidation:
Cold alkaline KMnO4
Forms Diols (No cleavage occurs)

66
Q

What are the different products formed alcohols under different oxidative conditions? What are the reagents and conditions?

A

Strong Oxidation:
(1) Hot acidified KMnO4 OR
(2) Hot alkaline KMnO4
Cleaves the C=C double bonds
Terminal Carbons form CO2 + H2O
Primary Carbons form Carboxylic acids
Secondary Carbons form Ketones

Mild Oxidation:
Cold alkaline KMnO4
Forms Diols (No cleavage occurs)

67
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) from Benzene? What type of reaction is this?

A

Conc. HNO3</ and conc. H2SO4, 55ºC

Electrophilic Substitution

68
Q

What are the reagents and conditions to form Halogenoarenes(C6H5X) from Benzene? What type of reaction is this?

A

(1) X2 with Anhydrous FeX3 OR
(2) X2 with AlX3 and Fe catalyst

Electrophilic Substitution Note X = Cl or Br

A Level H2 Chemistry (2 decks)

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