W6,7 Language Origin

Question 1

Who regarded the origin of human l-ge as a matter of evolutionary biology?

Answer 1

Noam Chomsky

Question 2

Language is basically onomatopoetic.

Answer 2

The ‘bow-wow’ theory

Question 3

The original words were formed from emotion expression sounds.

Answer 3

The ‘pooh-pooh’ theory

Question 4

The origin of words is from the ability of people reflected in ‘vocal expression’.

Answer 4

The ‘ding-dong’ theory

Question 5

Certain syllables of words have meaning: e.g. lieben, l’ubit’, love all mean the same.

Answer 5

The sound symbolism hypothesis

Question 6

The origin of words is from human necessity to cooperate.

Answer 6

The ‘yo-he-ho’ theory

Question 7

Language originates from song.

Answer 7

The ‘la-la’ theory

Question 8

Language change due to ease of articulation: e.g. ‘fifths’ omits th in pronunciation.

Answer 8

Articulatory simplification

Question 9

Pronounciation changes to reflect spelling of words: eg “often” has t sound as spelled.

Answer 9

Spelling Pronounciation

Question 10

What are paleontological evidences that humans developed to produce language?

Answer 10

1. Humans have domed tongue and L-shaped oral cavity.

2. The gene FOXP2 was discovered in human bodies.

Question 11

_____ is insufficient to be a language but it is used in communication bt distinct language speakers

Answer 11

Pidgin

Question 12

_____ is more complex than Pidgin, but not as other formal languages.

Answer 12

Creole

Question 13

Bickerton’s hypothesis: All Creole speakers share similarities in different communities because:

Answer 13

Linguistic structures are innate and they fill in Pidgin vocabularies. Therefore, Creole is developed.
As an evidence, young Eng speakers use grammars alike to Creole.

Question 14

What are 2 primary areas of brain for language?

Answer 14

Broca’s area (left-frontal cortex)

Wernicke’s area (left temporal lobe)

Question 15

Aphasia

Answer 15

numerous syndrome of communicative impairment

Question 16

One can lose ability of language due to brain damage. The one suffers from ___.

Answer 16

Aphasia

Question 17

Impairment of reading is called:

Answer 17

acquired dyslexia

Question 18

impairment of writing is called:

Answer 18

acquired dysgraphia

Question 19

Neural syndrome which disables one from reading new words. He can only read words he already know.

Answer 19

Phonological acquired dyslexia

Question 20

Disorder that one cannot read a word that has irregular pronunciation: e.g. one can read “mint”, but not “pint”.

Answer 20

Surface dyslexia

Question 21

Patients with this disorder struggles to name an object. They may answer with similar name: e.g. dog for cat, chair for table.

Answer 21

Anomia

Question 22

Disorder that patients can’t understand spoken words, but can read, write, and speak.

Answer 22

Word deafness

Question 23

Disorder that patients can’t understand written words, but can read them out loud.

Answer 23

Word blindness

Question 24

Patients use one word for other words as well.

Answer 24

Paralexia

Question 25

Two folds on the surface of cerebral cortex:

Answer 25

folded in: sulci (sulcus)

folded out: gyri (gyrus)

Question 26

The crack that connect left and right hemispheres with numerous nerve fibers.

Answer 26

Corpus callosum

Question 27

Non-dynamic & static image of the brain

Answer 27

CT scanning

Question 28

Search for increased blood flow in brain using powerful magnetic iron

Answer 28

fMRI

Question 29

[This] targets to scan brain activities.

Answer 29

PET scan

Question 30

[This] records subtle(세밀한) changes in the magnetic fields generated from the brain. Gives more details regarding linguistic subjects.

Answer 30

MEG

Question 31

Where is Broca’s area located?

Answer 31

left hemisphere
frontal lobe
lower rear area

Question 32

Dysfunction of muscles that are used in speech (face, tongue, jaw).

Answer 32

Broca’s aphasia

also, non-fluent/ motor aphasia

Question 33

Patients are completely mute.

Answer 33

Global aphasia