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PATHOANA 2 > W5. Esophagus, stomach duodenum > Flashcards

W5. Esophagus, stomach duodenum Flashcards

1
Q

atresia

A

orifice/passage in body is closed of absent

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2
Q

stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of tube or orifice

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3
Q

esophageal webs

A

anywhere
-dysphagia

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4
Q

plummer-vinson(paterson kelly syndrome

A

-cervical esicphageal we
-mucosal lesion in mouth and parync
iron deficiney anemia

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5
Q

schatzki ring

A

-lower esophgaheal narrowing in GE junction
-asymp

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6
Q

true diverticiulm

A

outpouchin containng all layer

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7
Q

false diverticul

A

no muscular layer like senker and epiphrenic

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8
Q

senker diverticul: where and typical symtpom

A

-false
-men over 60
-high in esopaheu-cricoparhyngeal mucle
-regurgation

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9
Q

midesopahgeual /traction diverticul

A

-middle of eso
-motor funciton disorder or adhesions
- aymptomatic

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10
Q

epiphreni diverticuls

A

-false
-distal eso
-mototr dysfunctions

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11
Q

motor fisorder of eso

A

1.systemic diseas of SM: myasthenia grvais,amyloidosus, hypothyroidism, myxedema
2. neurological disease affecting nerves to skeletal or smooth muscle
3. peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes of alcholsims

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12
Q

achalasia/cardiospasm

A

A disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is not able to relax during swallowing (Due to decreased number of Nitric oxide secreting neurons)

result: esophagus hypertorophy and dilates

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13
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of stomach into chest through enlarged diaphragamtic opening

types
1. sliding(axial): move upward above diaphragm
-asymp, GE refluc

  1. ## paraesopahgeal (non axial): thorgh eso hiatus
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14
Q

refluc esophagitis
cause and develop bc

A

-due to refluc of gastric or duodenal content into lower eso

-reflux develop as incompentetn lower esopagheal sphincter

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15
Q

refluc esophagitid risk factors andn long term consequences

A

risk:
-smoker, tobaco, obestiy, pregnancy, CNS depressent, hiatal hernia

long term:
- bleeding
-stricture
-baretts esop

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16
Q

baretts eso

A

eso squamos epi–>columnar (intestinal) epi as result of chronic GERD

major risk factor for ESO ADENOCARCINOMA

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17
Q

eosinopilic esophagitis

A

allergird ot ingested food aro inhaled allergens

children

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18
Q

infective esopahtitis

A

-associated with immunosuppresion
-most common: CANDIDA ESOPHAGITIS (MYCOTIC ESO)-fungus
-herpetic, CMV

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19
Q

esopagel varices

A

dileted vein prone to rupture and hemorrhage

-LOWER third of eso
-associated with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension

Without treatment they lead to life-threatening bleeding in about 1/3 of patients

20
Q

Mallory weiss syndrome

A

-lacration of GSTRIC SIDE: lower eso and upper gastric
-Heavy alcholol –>vomiting
-acute upper GI bleeding SEEN
-dont reperent caus eof peptic ulcer
-self-resolving, usually not need surgical intervention-so dont belong toACUTE ABDOMEN

21
Q

Boerhaave sundorme

A

-esopahgeal side
-no acute upper GI bleeding
-posterlat wall of loer third of eso

22
Q

most common bening tumors of eso

A

LEIOMYOMA:
: Spindle cell —> mesenchymal. Males affected in median age of 35

23
Q

most common malignant ymor of eso in the world

A

squamos cell carcinoma
- no kertinzation
-middle 1/3 of eso
-smoking and alco

24
Q

most comon malignant tumor of eso in the western

A

adenocarcinoma
-distal 1/3 of eso
-males

  • It occurs in the background of intestinal metaplasiaTrue: Esophageal adenocarcinoma typically arises in the background of Barret’s esophagus and long standing GERD
25
acute erosivE/hemorrhagic /stress gastritis: cause
-abd pain and bleeding -cause: alcholo, NSAID, low hemodynamic state, muliple eorisn in gatsric mucosa
26
chronic gastritis: H.pylori gastritis: clincial and complicaiton
clinical: -abd pain -nausea and vomiting -wight loss -iron deficiency anemia complication: - ulcer related bleeding -peptic ulcer diases!!!!1 -lumphoma -carcinoma
27
chronic gastritis: autoimmune location
-body and fundus -white women 50-50 -HYPOCHLORDYIA, ACHLORHYDRIA, VIT B12 DEF, LOSS OF ONXYNTIC CELLS clincall -abd pain -weight loss -IRON and PERNICOIS anemia ^GASTRIN AND DECREASED PEPSINOGEN Thinning of the body mucosa, and loss of rugal folds, and prominent submucosal vascular pattern!!!!!!!!!!!!
28
chemical (reactive) gastropathy
-ANTRAL -66y - NSAID, bile refuluc
29
causes of peptic ulcer disease + location
-acid pepsin damahe -h-pyloti -NSAID -Zollinger ellison sundorme STOMACH AND PROX DUODENUM MOSTLY no major curvature
30
Clinical duodenal ulcer
-RELIVED by food intake -epigastric pain Ulcus pepticum differs from erosion by the depth of the defect that does not penetrate through the lamina muscularis mucosae into the deeper layers of the stomach wal
31
gastric peptic ulcer
Gastric peptic ulcer is a type of Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) that occurs when there is damage to the lining of the stomach, typically as a result of the acid and pepsin produced by the stomach. lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum(more common) Food intake causes severe pain in the epigastrium
32
most common hgastric polyps non neoplastic
Hyperplastic(75%) - gastricy injury and inflammation - antrum fundic glanf polyps
33
gastric polyyp neoplatic
gastric denoma
34
gastric adenocarcinaom
-males -70y - germline mutaion CDH1 -FIRTS CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: MTS TO SUPRACLAVICULAR NODES
35
Krukenberg tumor
MTS of diffuse or signet ring types to one or both ovaries
36
Larun classification of gastric carcinoma
Intestinal: well defined glandes lined by columar/cuboidal epi cells diffuse tupes: individual or poorly formed nests of cells growing in infiltartive pattern
37
most common extranodal lymphoma
Gastric lymphoma -MALT OR DLBCL -assocaiared with H.pylori
38
GIST
-cajal cells -c-kit mutation -stomch
39
Meckel diverticulum
-true -most prevalen congenital - 20 cm/1m to proximal to ileocecal valve on ANTImesenteric side of bowel
40
necrotizing eneterocolitis -what -region -common
-acute, necroticin infla of small boweel/or colon (ileocecal region) -cause is B-enetrotoxim(clostriuim) -most common acquired Gi emergy of neonates
41
celaic disease
-Autoimmune-mediated disorder —> damage small-intestinal mucosa —> malabsorption! The microscopic image in celiac disease is characterized by partial, subtotal or total atrophy, is characterized by atrophy of villi and increased number of lymphocytes infiltrating the mucosa Gluten hypersensitivity is used in celiac disease upper part of SI-du and jejunum
42
celaic diase: morbidity and mortaliti
risk for enteropathy assocaited t-lymphoma, AI adenocarcinoma, !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1oropahryngeal+esophageal carcinomas
43
small bowe bacterial overgroath: malabsorption
-overgowth of anaerobic bacteria in small bowerl -motor/neural disorder-->stasis -diverticula
44
whipple disease:malabsorption
inf caused by Trophyrema whipplei(actinomycete) -proximal small bowel - Causes malabsorption due to lymphatic obstruction, caused by bacteria (actinomycete trophyrema whipplei) - This is an uncommon bacterial disease involving not only the intestines but also various other systems such as central nervous system, heart, blood vessels, skin, joints, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys
45
most common maligancy of small intestine
adenocarcinoma -67 y -may ocvur in assocaittion with celaic diases

PATHOANA 2 (14 decks)

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