W4 - pt2 respiratory infect 2 Flashcards
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) assoc w?
caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii
transplant patients
- immunocompromised
normally PC everywhere, become suseptable only when immunocomp.
what does AFB mean in regards to mycobacterium tuberculosis
Acid Fast bacillus
- normally when alcohol applyed to stained bacteria, gram-pos keep, gram neg loose and pick up red stain that you use after the alcohol
BUT with AFB
- if you put ACID on a smear it takes the colour out of everything except for the
ACID FAST BACILLI
mycobacterium tuberculosis
coat is _ ?
spread through?
generation time?
- resists drying
- inhalation
- 24 hrs
why are antimycrobial drugs (eg penicillin) ineffective on M. Tuberculosis
- antimicrobials rely of active growth (every 20min-1hr)
- TB has slow growth
SS assoc w
Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- coughing up blood
TB location in the lung?
and why?
apex lung (apical consolidation) - because its a larger bacteria (long rod) can not get down into the bottom of lung
TB test
MANTOUX TEST
- protein from the TB organism (not the organism itself)
- measures the DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
(bec pt is hypersensitised to the bacteria or their products = activated T cells remain present)
- also positive in pt that have had BCG vaccine
Dx disease organism?
- fever
- productive cough (w rusty sputum)
- sudden onset pleuritic chest pain
- lobar consolidation
Lobar pneumonia
STREPtococcus pneumoniae
Dx organism?
- pharyngitis (sore throat)
- nonproductive cough = atypical
- young adult (w family contacts)
- ambulant (despite chest x-ray changes)
***Atypical pneumonia
MYCOPLASMA pneumoniae
Dx organism?
- nonproductive cough = atypical
- confusion
- diarrhea
- middle age smoker
- recent aircon or spa exposure
***Atypical pneumonia
LEGIONELLA pneumophilia
Dx disease? organism?
- fever
- productive cough
- alcoholic diabetic
- lung necrosis chest Xray
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
STAPHylococcus aureus
Dx disease? organism?
- fever
- productive cough
- smoker w history chronic lung disease
- patchy consolidation xray
BRONCHOpneumonia
STREPtococcus pneumonia
or
haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
***productive cough even though virus bec. influenza destroyed lung tissue and polymorphs and macrophages come to mop up
Dx disease? organism?
- fever
- productive cough
- haemoptysis
- recent weight loss
- hilar lymphadenopathy
- apical consolidation
TB
mycobaterium tuberculosis
Dx disease? organism
- disorientation
- lung abscess
- hx of alcohol dependency = immunocomp
- nocardia pneumonia
(pleuropulmonary nocardiosis) - possible brain abscess
NOCARDIA (soil organism gram pos bacteria)
growing out mans back w HIV
Dx disease? organism? - fever -progressive breathlessness - HIV pt or - transplant pt
PCP (pneumocystis pneumonia)
pneumocystis carinii
HD# Dx disease? organism - fever - nonproductive cough - patchy consolidation - hx of recent ecposure to parrot or similar bird
psittacosis
- chlamydophila PSITTACI
HD#
DX disease? organism?
- young adult
- found unconcious (after end of exams)
ASPIRATION pneumonia
(a complication of pulmonary aspiration after inhale food, stom acid, saliva)
- broad spectrum antibiotics
- with “Flagyl” (metronidazole)
- **has anaerobic cover
