W3L6 Hematuria

Question 1

Def

Answer 1

≥ 3-5 RBCs per high power field (HPF)

Question 2

Diagnose?

Answer 2

Urine analysis

Question 3

Hematuria

Answer 3

• Gross • Microscopic
• Painless • Painful
• Initial • Terminal • Total
• Glomerular = Nephrological
• Non-glomerular = Urological

Question 4

Causes

Answer 4

1. General
2. Vascular
3. Kidney
4. Ureters(tumor, stone)
5. UB(tumor stone)
6. Prostate(BPH)
7. Urethra(inf, trauma)

Question 5

Analysis of hematuria

Answer 5

• Onset, course, duration
• Initial, terminal, total
• Painful, painless
• Color of urine
• Clots
• Associated symptoms (constitutional, upper/ lower UT symptoms)
• Review of systems
• Past history, Family history

Question 6

Investigations

Answer 6

• Lab:
   – urine analysis, urine culture
   – CBC, coagulation profile
• Radiologic:
   – KUB, US, IVU, CT, MRI, retrograde ureteropyelogram
• Endoscopic
   – Cystourethroscopy, ureteroscopy, Nephroscopy
• Histopathology:
   – Urine cytology & biopsies