W3 - Priming, Pacing & Prior Exercise

Question 1

What does the study of VO2 kinetics refer to?

Answer 1

Looking at subjects O2 consumption + its response through time.

Question 2

Why might it be beneficial to “speed up” VO2 kinetics?

Answer 2

To incorporate the use of aerobic energy systems

Therefore reduce reliance on anaerobic systems

Question 3

What are the key components of VO2 kinetics?

Answer 3

Baseline

Amplitude

Time delay

Time constant

Question 4

What are the 3 phases of pulmonary VO2 kinetics?

Answer 4

Cardiodynamic phase

Muscle VO2 phase

Steady state phase

Question 5

Phases of pulmonary VO2 kinetics

Cardiodynamic phase

Answer 5

Immediate increase in CO, breathing rate + bf at onset of exercise

Lasts 15-20s

Question 6

Phases of pulmonary VO2 kinetics

Muscle VO2 phase

Answer 6

Exponential phase

Reflects what’s occurring in the muscle

Question 7

Phases of pulmonary VO2 kinetics

Steady state phase

Answer 7

ATP demand is being met by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

What is meant by time constant

Answer 8

Time taken to reach 63% of the response

Question 9

What is 1 time constant

Answer 9

Time taken to reach 63% of the response

Question 10

What is 2 time constant

Answer 10

63% plus another 63% of what’s remaining

Question 11

What is 4 time constant

Answer 11

Basically steady state

Question 12

What sized time constant is a good thing?

Answer 12

Small

Question 13

What does fast kinetics result in?

Answer 13

Slow o2 deficit

= Positive impact on performance

Question 14

What does slow kinetics mean in regards to energy systems?

Answer 14

Slow kinetics means one is relying on their anaerobic fuel sources

Question 15

When might larger O2 deficits occur

Answer 15

In situations with slow kinetics, so greater reliance on anaerobic energy sources.

Question 16

What would a larger O2 deficit mean?

Answer 16

Greater PCr breakdown

Greater ADP + Pi accumulation

Greater H+ + lactate accumulation

Greater rate of glycogen degradation

Question 17

What would speeding the rate of O2 uptake do to muscle PCr + glycogen and why?

Answer 17

Spare muscle PCr + glycogen due to using oxidative energy systems earlier in the exercise.

= Less accumulation of H+ + Pi.

Question 18

How can speeding up VO2 kinetics be achieved?

Answer 18

Endurance training

Question 19

Delta

Answer 19

Difference between ones GE threshold or LT + their VO2 max

Question 20

Exercising at 50, 70, 80% delta means…

Answer 20

One will be exercising above their GE threshold

Question 21

How can improved VO2 kinetics impact SEVERE intensity exercise?

Answer 21

Can ⬆️ oxidative energy provision.

By ⬇️ O2 deficit we can preserved PCr + glycogen stores, ⬇️ metabolite accumulation + ⬇️ ADP, Pi, H+ + lactate accumulation

Question 22

Does a low intensity warm up before the athletes performance improve their VO2 kinetic response?

Answer 22

NO

No faster response
No reduced slow component
No increase of primary amplitude,

Question 23

How does completing prior exercise above LT change VO2 kinetics?

for SEVERE-intensity exercise

Answer 23

Faster response

Greater primary amplitude

Decreases VO2 slow component

Question 24

How does completing prior exercise above LT change VO2 kinetics?

for EXTREME-intensity exercise

Answer 24

Greater primary amplitude

Attainment of the VO2 max

Question 25

Peripheral measures of influence of prior exercise

Answer 25

O2 dissociation curve is shifted to the right

Muscle O2 extraction increases

Increased Muscle VO2

Question 26

Influence of prior exercise on anaerobic metabolism

Answer 26

⬆️ oxidative energy provision = ⬇️ requirement for anaerobic energy provision = ⬇️ lactate production

Question 27

What is currently thought to be the “optimal” warm-up?

Answer 27

Pre-exercise blood [lactate] at ~3mM

Prior high intensity exercise coupled w/ sufficient recovery optimises the balance between preserving the effects of prior exercise on VO2 kinetics + providing sufficient time for the muscle homeostasis to be restored.

Question 28

What are the pacing strategies?

Answer 28

ES (Even start)

SS (Slow start)

FS (Fast start)

Question 29

What is the error signal?

Answer 29

Difference from where we are + where we need to be.

Question 30

In which pacing strategy would you expect to see a bigger error signal?

Answer 30

Fast start

Question 31

What would manipulating the error signal do?

Answer 31

Could alter VO2 kinetics + the O2 deficit thus alter performance

Question 32

Fast start accelerates VO2 kinetics to…

Answer 32

Provide greater oxidative metabolism

= Sparing anaerobic sources so improved TTE?

Question 33

What is significantly related to the acceleration of the VO2 kinetic response with fast start technique?

Answer 33

Improvement in performance TTE

Question 34

What has an ALL-OUT start improved?

Answer 34

High intensity, short duration kayak performance

Due to seeing a much faster, reactive kinetic response compared to an even pace .

Question 35

What are the important considerations for pacing

Answer 35

Event duration

Starting intensity

Starting duration

Physiological mechanisms

Priming + pacing?

Question 36

Results from a fast start 3 min trial

Answer 36

Faster VO2 kinetics + attainment of vO2 max

Greater oxidative metabolism

Sparing of PCr + glycogen, reduced H+ + Pi

Sig greater 60s sprint capacity after 2 mins of work-matched exercise

Question 37

Which displays faster O2 uptake kinetics?

All-out start or fast start

Answer 37

All-out start

Question 38

Self-paced TT or All-out start to accelerate vO2 kinetics?

Answer 38

All-out start

Question 39

What does combining an all-out start with severe intensity priming exercise do?

Answer 39

Accelerates VO2 kinetics

Synergistically improves 4-km TT performance to a greater extent than either pacing or priming separately