W3 - Particles and conjunctions to know | 조사와 접속사 Flashcards
Review high-frequency particles and conjunctions that appear on the TOPIK I exam.
~이/가
subject marker
~은/는
topic marker (of focus, contrast, old information)
~을/를
object marker
~하고
‘and, with, along (together) with’ (nouns)
V~고
‘and’ (verbs)
~와/과
‘and, with, along (together) with’
~(이)랑
‘and, with, along (together) with’ (informal)
~들
plural marker
~의
possessive marker (ownership, relationship)
~에
general location or time marker (‘to, at, in, on’)
~에서
(1) origin ‘from’, (2) place where the action is taking place ‘at, in’
~(으)로
(1) destination ‘towards’, (2) instrumental ‘by means of’
~까지
finishing point of an action (‘until, by’)
~부터
starting point of an action (‘from’)
~도
‘also, too’
~에게
dative marker (‘to someone’)
~한테
dative marker (informal)
~한테서
‘from someone’
~께
dative marker (honorific)
~께서
honorific subject marker
~보다
‘compared to, more than’
~만큼
‘as much as, up to that extent’
~마다
‘each, every, all’
~만
‘only’
~밖에
‘nothing but, except’
~(이)나 (1)
‘or, but’
~(이)나 (2)
‘as many/much as’
~처럼
‘as in, like’
~같이
‘as in, like’
~씩
‘each, one by one’
~쯤
estimation ‘around, about, or so’
~동안
‘during, while’ a period of time
그리고
and (then)
그럼
then
그래서
so, therefore
그러니까
for that reason, that’s why
그런데
however, but
그러나
however, even so
그러면
if so, in that case