W3 - Monosaccharides Flashcards
Carbohydrates can be considered hydrated carbons, what is their general empirical formula?
[CH2O]n
What are the other names for polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones?
Aldose and ketose sugars
What are the two functional groups found in aldose and ketose sugars?
Aldose - aldehyde + alcohol, ketose - ketone + alcohol
Glucose is not the most abundant carbohydrate ingested, what process means it IS the most abundant molecule absorbed into the bloodstream?
Digestion
What is the main carbohydrate ingested? (glucose polymer)
Starch
Where are ribose/deoxyribose, lactose and glycogen found?
Ribose/deoxyribose - RNA/DNA, lactose - milk, glycogen - liver and muscles
Diabetes and galactosaemia are two diseases associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, what are 2 intolerances associated too?
Lactose and fructose intolerances
Give 4 examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, galactose and ribose
What makes up the 3 disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose?
Maltose = 2x glucose, Sucrose = glucose + fructose, Lactose = glucose + galactose
Oligosaccharides are defined as containing between ???? monosaccharide units (same or different units)
3-10
Give examples of linear (1) and branched (2) polysaccharides
Linear - cellulose, Branches - glycogen + starch
What is the difference between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides?
Homo - only one type of monosaccharide in polyp, hetero - 2 or more different types of monosaccharide in polyp
All aldose sugars are derived from where?
Glyceraldehyde