W3 - Monosaccharides

Question 1

Carbohydrates can be considered hydrated carbons, what is their general empirical formula?

Answer 1

[CH2O]n

Question 2

What are the other names for polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones?

Answer 2

Aldose and ketose sugars

Question 3

What are the two functional groups found in aldose and ketose sugars?

Answer 3

Aldose - aldehyde + alcohol, ketose - ketone + alcohol

Question 4

Glucose is not the most abundant carbohydrate ingested, what process means it IS the most abundant molecule absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 4

Digestion

Question 5

What is the main carbohydrate ingested? (glucose polymer)

Answer 5

Starch

Question 6

Where are ribose/deoxyribose, lactose and glycogen found?

Answer 6

Ribose/deoxyribose - RNA/DNA, lactose - milk, glycogen - liver and muscles

Question 7

Diabetes and galactosaemia are two diseases associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, what are 2 intolerances associated too?

Answer 7

Lactose and fructose intolerances

Question 8

Give 4 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 8

Glucose, fructose, galactose and ribose

Question 9

What makes up the 3 disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose?

Answer 9

Maltose = 2x glucose, Sucrose = glucose + fructose, Lactose = glucose + galactose

Question 10

Oligosaccharides are defined as containing between ???? monosaccharide units (same or different units)

Answer 10

3-10

Question 11

Give examples of linear (1) and branched (2) polysaccharides

Answer 11

Linear - cellulose, Branches - glycogen + starch

Question 12

What is the difference between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides?

Answer 12

Homo - only one type of monosaccharide in polyp, hetero - 2 or more different types of monosaccharide in polyp

Question 13

All aldose sugars are derived from where?

Answer 13

Glyceraldehyde