W3 - Monosaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates can be considered hydrated carbons, what is their general empirical formula?

A

[CH2O]n

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2
Q

What are the other names for polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones?

A

Aldose and ketose sugars

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3
Q

What are the two functional groups found in aldose and ketose sugars?

A

Aldose - aldehyde + alcohol, ketose - ketone + alcohol

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4
Q

Glucose is not the most abundant carbohydrate ingested, what process means it IS the most abundant molecule absorbed into the bloodstream?

A

Digestion

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5
Q

What is the main carbohydrate ingested? (glucose polymer)

A

Starch

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6
Q

Where are ribose/deoxyribose, lactose and glycogen found?

A

Ribose/deoxyribose - RNA/DNA, lactose - milk, glycogen - liver and muscles

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7
Q

Diabetes and galactosaemia are two diseases associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, what are 2 intolerances associated too?

A

Lactose and fructose intolerances

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8
Q

Give 4 examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose and ribose

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9
Q

What makes up the 3 disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose?

A

Maltose = 2x glucose, Sucrose = glucose + fructose, Lactose = glucose + galactose

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10
Q

Oligosaccharides are defined as containing between ???? monosaccharide units (same or different units)

A

3-10

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11
Q

Give examples of linear (1) and branched (2) polysaccharides

A

Linear - cellulose, Branches - glycogen + starch

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12
Q

What is the difference between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides?

A

Homo - only one type of monosaccharide in polyp, hetero - 2 or more different types of monosaccharide in polyp

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13
Q

All aldose sugars are derived from where?

A

Glyceraldehyde

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