W3: Beck et al. (schizphrenia) Flashcards
cognitive triad
negative views about the self, others, and future
which type of intervention most effective in helping +ve and -ve symptoms
interventions that target the meaning behind both tthe positive and negative symptoms
according to theory, how does cognitive schema contribute to symptoms?
the content of schemas originate in the cognitive triad, which then transpires to specific situations
when is a schema dysfunctional?
when they interfere with the adjustment or accommodation to life situations
when is a schema delusional?
when the content is extreme or fantastic, and not subject to correction
2 risk factors for developing dysfunctional beliefs
- predisposition to negative cognitive bias
- over-interpret -ve events or have negative interpretation of positive events
- stable - negative environment
role of dysfunctional attitudes in the development of schizophrenia (+)
dysfunctional attitudes may lead to negative symptoms
- withdrawal
- avoidance
- isolation
role of dysfunctional beliefs in the development of schizophrenia (-)
- develops into +ve symptoms
(delusions and hallucinations) - exaggeration or bizarre expression of the dysfunctional belief
pathway for the +ve symptoms
overstimulation of HPA axis-> excessive cortisol output –> excessive cortisol flow into brain –> delusions + hallucinations
2 factors of negative symptoms
- amotivation factor
2. expressive factor
factor 1:
Amotivation factor
- according to the cognitive model, negative beliefs are transformed into -ve symptoms
- these expectations then lowers motivation to attempt/ complete a task
- but can rise above these beliefs if the activity can override expectations
factor 2:
Espressive factor
- lack of expression, speech, gestures, etc
- inhibition of behavioral responses
relationship b/n beliefs of self and negative symptoms
negatively associated with negative symptoms
- -ve self beliefs= more negative symptoms
- more positive self beliefs= less negative symptoms
defeatist beliefs
-ve beliefs about the future
- positively correlated
more defeatist beliefs= more negative symptoms - those with more diminished expression showed more severe dysfunctional attitudes and poorer functioning
4 beliefs that affects negative symptoms
-beliefs about the self
- defeatist beliefs
(beliefs about the future) - anticipatory beliefs about pleasure
(thinking that you won’t enjoy something)
-asocial beliefs
(beliefs about future interactions)
anticipatory beliefs about the future
neg correlation with -ve symptoms
- reduced anticipatory pleasure increases anhedonia and amotivation
asocial beliefs
negative beliefs about future interactions with others
- negatively correlated with negative symptoms
2 positive symptoms
delusions and voices
which system are delusions/ hallucinations formed?
transformational/ imaginal system
transformational/ imaginal system
where delusions are formed
- system isolated from other cognitive functions
delusions
- product of exaggerated fears (paraniod delusions) or extreme fantastic compensation (grandiose symptoms)
- types of delusions can be tracked back to the features of the cognitive triad
eg. fear of being killed= believe that others are dangerous - treatable by therapy
voices
originate from one’s own automatic thoughts
- thoughts are then experienced as vocalised by someone (known or unknown)
eg. could be god/ spirits, etc - when voices act as commands, its usually a powerful figure (like God)
- also in the transformational/ imaginal system (making the voices stable/ irrefutable)
predictors of persecutory delusions
- negative view of others
- viewing the self to be inferior
- viewing others as omnipotent and malevolent
evidence for voices in beliefs about others
- if they have low self-esteem or believe that the are inferior to others, they also report feeling inferior to the voice, and behave accordingly
