w3 Flashcards
human trafficking
Documentation
- Physical injuries and emotional impacts of abuse
- Time between abuse and when exam is conducted
- Patients demeanor
- Patient’s words in quotation marks
- Don’t use “patient alleges” – implies doubt
- Use medical terms, not legal jargon
- Don’t summarize patients report
- Refer to perpetrator as perpetrator – not “my boyfriend, etc.”
- Extent and location of injuries, photographs, body maps
- Record reasons for the differences when observations conflict with a patients statement
Stigma and health outcomes:
1. Implicit biases held by health care professionals =
2. Patients experience stigma from health care provider =
3. Patients anticipate future stigma =
4. Patients avoid the HC system =
5. Patients have poorer health outcomes and decreased quality of life
___________
(umbrella term) includes recruiting, harboring, transporting, or providing an individual for forced service or commercial sex act using force, deception, or coercion
____________
recruitment, harboring, transportation, providing, or obtaining a person for a commercial sex act induced by force, fraud, or coercion
______________
recruitment, harboring, transportation, providing, or obtaining a person for labor services by force, fraud, or coercion
for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery
Human trafficking
sex trafficking
labor trafficking
factors that make someone vulnerable Human trafficking
- Unstable immigration status
- Language barriers
- Poverty and lack of basic needs
- Recent or past traumatic experiences
- Lack of social support
- Physical or developmental disabilities
Red flags of human trafficking
Specific male red flags
- Illicit drug use
- High arrest rates
- Injuries from violence
- Isolation
- Link between basic needs and sexual orientation/gender identity
- Market facilitators, instead of pimps
Red flags of human trafficking
Behavioral indicators
- Significant change in behavior – new profiles, new friends
- Lies about age/identity
- Seems coached talking to law enforcement
- Resists offers to get help out of situation
- Frightened, annoyed, resistant to police
- Prostitution language – daddy, the life
- Preoccupied with getting money
- Lack of knowledge about community they are in
- Frequent pregnancy tests
- <18 dating much older, abusive, controlling men
- Not attending school
- Chronic runaway
- Multiple people living in one house
stigma and poverty: blameless poverty vs not blameless poverty
___________
- widowed women
- children
- laborers injured on the job
- elderly people
___________
- illicit drug users
- people with addiction disorders
- homeless
- young adults
- “lazy” people
Blameless poverty considered deserving of assistance
- widowed women
- children
- laborers injured on the job
- elderly people
not blameless poverty considered not deserving of assistance
- illicit drug users
- people with addiction disorders
- homeless
- young adults
- “lazy” people
Nurses role
Communicating with victims
I – isolate the victim from pimp/trafficker
C – confidentiality is paramount
E – enlist an interpreter
______ – personal resources, all strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive, happy life
________ – factors that help people to resist the effects of vulnerability
________ – predisposing factors that lead to poor health and can exacerbate other predisposing factors, creating an additive and cyclical effect
Human capital – personal resources, all strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive, happy life
Resilience – factors that help people to resist the effects of vulnerability
Vulnerability cycle – predisposing factors that lead to poor health and can exacerbate other predisposing factors, creating an additive and cyclical effect
__________– those who are invisible to society, occurs when people/populations are relegated to a position on the periphery of society where they have diminished importance, influence, or power.
- Marginalization can cause vulnerability
- Vulnerability can result in marginalization
- Associated with increased chance of developing health problems and worse health outcomes
- Marginalization is a result of EXTRINSIC, systemic factors and their impact on people (not intrinsic)
___________ – groups that are at a greater risk than others for poor health outcomes
- Based on combination/interaction of risk factors
- Can be individual level or population level
Marginalization – those who are invisible to society, occurs when people/populations are relegated to a position on the periphery of society where they have diminished importance, influence, or power.
- Marginalization can cause vulnerability
- Vulnerability can result in marginalization
- Associated with increased chance of developing health problems and worse health outcomes
- Marginalization is a result of EXTRINSIC, systemic factors and their impact on people (not intrinsic)
Vulnerable populations – groups that are at a greater risk than others for poor health outcomes
- Based on combination/interaction of risk factors
- Can be individual level or population level
impact of poverty on health:
- inadequate nutrition
- higher rates of chronic illness
- more complications and higher mortality rates
- higher infant mortality rates
Human trafficking
who’s at risk?
- All races, ages, genders, and socioeconomic
- Children, runaways, homeless – targeted for earning potential
human trafficking
7 points of contact rule
Gaining victim’s trust is an important part of providing assistance
- Were here to help
- You are entitled to assistance
- You are safe here
human trafficking
What to do when you identify a victim >18 y/o
- If immediate protection is required?
- Obtain permission to intervene (after victim is isolated from trafficker)
- Refer to police – must say you suspect trafficking
- Call for an advocate from an assisting agency
- If victim sexually assaulted – refer to SANE protocol
- Suicide risk – refer for mental health consult
- Report case to human trafficking hotline
What to do when you identify a victim <18 y/o?
- Attempt to keep minor at your agency
- Report to DCBS – must say trafficking
Human trafficking
Top 5 common recruitment methods
Personal social networks – recruiting friends, family, etc. in their school, community, etc.
Romantic relationships – traffickers engage in romantic relationships with the recruits to appeal to their emotional and economic needs.
Online ads – ads posing as real employment opportunities
Lure of wealth – using wealth to attract victims, especially economically disadvantaged
Current victims – victims already involved in trafficking made to help with recruiting
Human trafficking
The grooming process
- Target victim – play on vulnerabilities
- Gain trust and information – casual conversations
- Filling a need – make victim dependent (gifts, money, friend, love, drugs)
- Isolation of victim
- Abuse begins – demands repayment for services
- Maintains control – fear, threats, violence
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Lure victims by providing basic survival needs (safety/security, love/belonging, self esteem)
types of poverty:
________ – situational, short term
- ex: college students living at home with financial aid
________ – chronic, long term
- ex: generational poverty
__________ level poverty
- ex: area where there is a lack of businesses/revenue and most of the people in the community are at a poverty level
types of poverty:
crisis – situational, short term
- ex: college students living at home with financial aid
persistent – chronic, long term
- ex: generational poverty
neighborhood level poverty
- ex: area where there is a lack of businesses/revenue and most of the people in the community are at a poverty level
________ - complex, multidimensional issue that goes beyond just monetary deprivation, includes lack of resources across various domains like health, education, social relationships, and standard of living
- primary driver of vulnerability
poverty
___________– social standing of person/group
- Measured in education, income, occupation
- r/t inequities in access to resources, issues r/t privilege, power, and control
socio-economic status
commercially sexually exploited children (SCEC)
- Cant be charged with prostitution if < __ y/o
- Mandatory reporting of human trafficking
18
Ex of vulnerable populations:
- People living in poverty
- Unhoused people
- LGBTQ identities
- Minoritized race, ethnic, culture identity
- Rural residents
- Victims of abuse/neglect
- Incarcerated people
- People with disabilities
- People with mental illness
- Immigrants, refugees
who is living in poverty:
- link between poverty and low education level
- earnings not keeping up with cost of living
- single mothers
- elderly
- inadequate programs for education, job skill, disabled
_________ – susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect
Limitations in:
- Physical resources
- Environmental resources
- Human capital
- Biopsychosocial resources
Vulnerability
Red flags of human trafficking
Physical indicators
- Not in control of own money
- Lack of control of personal documents
- False identification papers
- With controlling person, speaks for the victim
- Frequent relocation – living out of suitcase
- Numerous inconsistencies in story
- Items from hotel
- Large amounts of cash
- Traveling to other states, from another state
- Sexual paraphernalia
- Minors at hotels, truck stops, etc.
- Traveling for job opportunities like modeling, dancing
- Paper with names, dollar amounts, addresses
- Expensive clothes that cant be supported by family’s financial situation
- Tattoo or branding on skin
