W3 Flashcards
Refers to the passing on of traits from parent
organisms to their offspring.
Descent with modification
Passing on of traits is known as
Heredity
The blueprints for making an organism
and, as such, hold information about its every conceivable aspect: its growth,
development, behavior, appearance, physiology, and reproduction
Genes
Darwin use the phrase __________ instead of evolution
Descent with modification
He said that all species descended from only a few life forms that had been modified over time
Charles Darwin
Refers to the species that evolved over time, giving rise to the new species and share a common ancestor
Evolution
Occurs through interaction between individual organisms and their environment, individuals do not evolve
Natural Selection
What are the information that genes hold about its every conceivable aspect:
Growth, development, behaviour, appearance, physiology and reproduction
Explains the
adaptations of organisms and
the unity and diversity of life
Descent with modification by natural selection
Why are children not exact carbon copies of either of their parents
One of the genes of the parent is combined with the genes of another parent organism
Three basic concepts that are
helpful in clarifying how descent with
modification works:
•Genetic mutation
•Individual ( or natural ) selection
•Evolution of the population
True or Flase
Individuals do not evolve; only populations evolve
True
Three important points that need to be emphasised about evolution through natural selection
- Individuals do not evolve. A population is the
smallest group that can evolve over time
2.Characteristics acquired by an organism during its
lifetime may enhance its survival and reproductive
success
- Environmental factors vary from place to place
and from time to time
Also known as Flux philosopher
Heraclitus
He first articulated a
crude but dynamic theory thaf postulated that the
origin of life had taken place in a manner that
suggested evolution
Empedocles
He Believed in a static universe which held
that living organisms were created initially and
then remained essentially unchanged.
Aristotle
Arranged by aristotle hierarchically in what came to be known as the
Scala naturae / ladder of creation
The Greek Philosopher Aristotle perceived a
“______________,”” where simple organisms
gradually change to more elaborate forms
Ladder of life
He was the first to frame
principles for defining natural genera and
species of organism and to create a uniform
system for naming them
Carolus Linnaeus
He was one of the first to question
the fixity of species and to suggest a
transmutationist theory with a startling
resemblance to Darwinian evolution. His
theoretical explanations for the oricin of life and
of species change were not accepted durine_his
time, because they_opposed the philosophical
teachings of his French colleague Georges Cuvier
Comte de Buffon
the great
comparative anatomist and the
father of modern paleontology
George cuvier
He was interested in
adaptation or the manner and process by
which organisms are able to adapt
physiologically and morphologically to
their environment
Jean-baptiste Lamarck
who suggested that life had originated
from “one living filament
Erasmus darwin
who studied birth defects. He suggested
that through such
“monstrous births “new species
might suddenly_ arise
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
He was the leading transmutationist
of the nineteenth century. Darwin had developed
the major features of his theory as early as 1837
after returning from his five-year voyage of the
HMS Beagle
Charles Darwin
Principle of Population by
Thomas Maltus
He independently formulated his own nearly identical
theory.
Alfred Russel Wallace
The full title of Charles Darwin famous book
On the Origin of species or the Preservation of Favored races in the struggle for life
He order in the diversity of life;
hierarchy of taxonomic categories
Carolus Linnaeus
‘Essay on the Principle of
Population’
Thomas Malthus
fossils, paleontology and the
theory of Catastrophism ( scientists sya )
George cuvier
Who proposed Theory of Gradualism
James Hutton
Who contributed on principles of geology
Charles Lyell
