W2 Neurovasculature of the Upper Limb

Question 1

Describe the organisation of spinal nerve in terms of their naming in the cerivcal and thoracic region.

Answer 1

Cervical spinal nerves are named by the vertebrae they are above
Thoracic nerves are named by the vertebrae they are below
The exception to this rule is C8, which is below C7 and above T1

Question 2

What are the nerve routes of the brahcial plexus?

Answer 2

C5,6,7,8 and T1

Question 3

What are the different structural division of the brachial plexus as you leave the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

Real Truckers Drink Cold Beer

Question 4

What are the different trunks of the brahcial plexus and what nerve routes are they made from?

Answer 4

Superior - C5,6
Middle - C7
Inferior - C8 and T1

Question 5

What are the different divisions of the brachial plexus trunks?

Answer 5

Each trunk divides into an anterior and a posterior division.
All the posterior divisions unite to form the posterior cord.

Question 6

What are the different cords of the brachial plexus?
What are they formed from?

Answer 6

The lateral cord - from the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk

The posterior cord - from the posterior division of the superior, middle and inferior trunk

The medial cord - from the anterior division of the inferior trunk

Question 7

How is the naming of the cords of the brachial plexus related to their structure?

Answer 7

Lateral, posterior and medial - in relation to the axillary artery

Question 8

What are the different terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

The musculocutaneous
The Axillary
The radial
The Ulnar
The Median

Question 9

What forms the musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

C5,C6,C7
Branch of the lateral cord

Question 10

What forms the axillary nerve of the brahcial plexus?

Answer 10

branch of posterior cord
C5,6,7,8,T1

Question 11

What forms the radial nerve of the brachial plexus?

Answer 11

Branch of the posterior cord
C5,6,7,8,T1

Question 12

What forms the ulnar nerve branch of the brachial plexus?

Answer 12

C8, T1
Branch of the medial cord of the brahcial plexus

Question 13

What forms the median nerve of the brahcial plexus?

Answer 13

C5,6,7,8T1
Unification of divisions from the lateral and medial cord of the brachial plexus.

Question 14

What is dorsal scapular nerve in relation to the brahcial plexus?

Answer 14

Branch from root C5
Innervates the rhomboid minor, major and levator scapulae

Question 15

What is the long thoracic nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 15

Is a branch from C5,6,7
Innervates serratus anterior

Question 16

What is the suprascapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 16

Branch of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Innervates the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus nerve

Question 17

What is the subclavius nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 17

Is a branch from the superior trunk
Innervates the subclavius muscle

Question 18

What is the lateral pectoral nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 18

Branch of the lateral cord
Innervates pectoralis major

Question 19

What is the superior subscapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 19

Is a branch of the posterior cord
Innervates subscapularis

Question 20

What is the thoracodorsal nerve in the brachial plexus?

Answer 20

Is a branch of the posterior cord
Innervates latissimus dorsi

Question 21

What is the inferior subscapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 21

Originates from the posterior cord
Innervates the subscapularis and teres major

Question 22

What is the medial pectoral nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 22

Is a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

Question 23

What is the medial brachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the brahcial plexus?

Answer 23

Branch of the medial cord
Provides sensory innervation to the medial skin of the arm

Question 24

What is the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

Answer 24

Is a branch of the medial cord of the brahcial plexus
Provides sensory innervation to the medial forearm skin

Question 25

What is the role of the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 25

Provides motor innervation to the anterior arm Provides sensory or cutaneous innervation to the lateral forearm - via the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 26

What muscles are innervates by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 26

The anterior muscles of the arm The brachialis The biceps brachii The coracobrachialis

Question 27

Where is the axillary nerve found?

Answer 27

In the quadrangle space This is between the inferior margin of teres minor, the lateral margin of the long head of biceps brachii, the superior border of teres major and the lateral borde of the surgical nerck of the humerus

Question 28

What is the role of the axillary nerve?

Answer 28

Provides motor innervation the the deltoid muscle and teres minor Provides sensory or cutaneous innervation to the skin overlying the deltoid muscle (upper lateral arm).

Question 29

What is the function of the radial nerve?

Answer 29

Innervates all posterior structures in the arm and forearm and some of hand Provides motor and sensory innervation

Question 30

What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

Answer 30

Triceps brachii All 12 muscles in the posterior forearm

Question 31

What is the role of the median nerve?

Answer 31

Provides motor innervation to the anterior forearm Provides motor innervation to the anterior medial hand

Question 32

What is the role of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 32

Provides motor innervation in the anterior forearm specifically the flexor carpi ulnaris (above ulnar) and the flexor digitorum profundus found below the ulnar. Also provides some motor innervation to the lateral anterior hand (thumb side)

Question 33

Describe the motor innervation of the anterior forearm

Answer 33

The ulnar and the median nerve Ulnar does the flexor carpi ulnaris adn the flexor digitorum profundus muscles The rest is by the median nerve

Question 34

Describe the innervation of the palmar surface of the hand?

Answer 34

By the ulnar and median nerve Median nerve innervates the lateral aspect - 2 lateral lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollic brevis and flexor pollis brevis Rest of the palmar surface is innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 35

What are the different parts of the axillary arterty?

Answer 35

Part 1: from the lateral border of the first rib to medial border of pectoralis minor Part 2: to laterak border of pectoralis minor Part 3: to the inferior border of teres major

Question 36

What artery does the axillary artery originate from?

Answer 36

Is a continuation of the subclavian artery as passes under the first rib

Question 37

What are some important branches of the axillary artery?

Answer 37

The anterior circumflex and the posterior circumflex artery Axiallry artery continues as the brachial artery

Question 38

What are some important branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 38

Deep brachial artery - supply posterior arm muscles and the shaft of the humerus

Question 39

What are the terminal divisions of the brahcial artery?

Answer 39

The radial artery and the ulnar artery This division occurs in the cubital fossa

Question 40

What are the branches of the ulnar artery?

Answer 40

The common interosseus artery Which then divides into an anterior and a posterior interosseus artery. Both of which contribute to supply of the forearm

Question 41

What is the blood supply to the palmar surface of the hand?

Answer 41

The deep palmar arch - from anastomosis of the radial (mostly) and ulnar artery The superficial palmar arch - from anastomosis of the radial and ulnar (mostly) artery

Question 42

How do the radial and ulnar arteries contibure to blood supply to the hand?

Answer 42

Ulnar supplies mostly digit 5 to half of digit 2 Radial artery supplies mainly digit 1 (thumb) and half of digit 2.

Question 43

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand.

Answer 43

Palmar surface - digit 1 to 4,5 is the median nerve and the digit 4.5 to 5 is ulnar nerve The dorsal surface digits 5-4.5 are the ulnar nerve, the tips of digits 4.5-2 are median, the rest of the hand is radial

Question 44

Draw a diagram to show the major branches of the brachial plexus

Answer 44

Question 45

Draw a diagram showing the additional branches in the brachial plexus

Answer 45

Question 46

Draw a diagram showing the anterial supply of the arm and forearm.

Answer 46