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Unit 11 > W2 Neurovasculature of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

W2 Neurovasculature of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the organisation of spinal nerve in terms of their naming in the cerivcal and thoracic region.

A

Cervical spinal nerves are named by the vertebrae they are above
Thoracic nerves are named by the vertebrae they are below
The exception to this rule is C8, which is below C7 and above T1

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2
Q

What are the nerve routes of the brahcial plexus?

A

C5,6,7,8 and T1

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3
Q

What are the different structural division of the brachial plexus as you leave the spinal cord?

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

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4
Q

What are the different trunks of the brahcial plexus and what nerve routes are they made from?

A

Superior - C5,6
Middle - C7
Inferior - C8 and T1

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5
Q

What are the different divisions of the brachial plexus trunks?

A

Each trunk divides into an anterior and a posterior division.
All the posterior divisions unite to form the posterior cord.

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6
Q

What are the different cords of the brachial plexus?
What are they formed from?

A

The lateral cord - from the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk

The posterior cord - from the posterior division of the superior, middle and inferior trunk

The medial cord - from the anterior division of the inferior trunk

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7
Q

How is the naming of the cords of the brachial plexus related to their structure?

A

Lateral, posterior and medial - in relation to the axillary artery

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8
Q

What are the different terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

The musculocutaneous
The Axillary
The radial
The Ulnar
The Median

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9
Q

What forms the musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

C5,C6,C7
Branch of the lateral cord

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10
Q

What forms the axillary nerve of the brahcial plexus?

A

branch of posterior cord
C5,6,7,8,T1

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11
Q

What forms the radial nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

Branch of the posterior cord
C5,6,7,8,T1

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12
Q

What forms the ulnar nerve branch of the brachial plexus?

A

C8, T1
Branch of the medial cord of the brahcial plexus

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13
Q

What forms the median nerve of the brahcial plexus?

A

C5,6,7,8T1
Unification of divisions from the lateral and medial cord of the brachial plexus.

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14
Q

What is dorsal scapular nerve in relation to the brahcial plexus?

A

Branch from root C5
Innervates the rhomboid minor, major and levator scapulae

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15
Q

What is the long thoracic nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch from C5,6,7
Innervates serratus anterior

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16
Q

What is the suprascapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Branch of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Innervates the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus nerve

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17
Q

What is the subclavius nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch from the superior trunk
Innervates the subclavius muscle

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18
Q

What is the lateral pectoral nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Branch of the lateral cord
Innervates pectoralis major

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19
Q

What is the superior subscapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch of the posterior cord
Innervates subscapularis

20
Q

What is the thoracodorsal nerve in the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch of the posterior cord
Innervates latissimus dorsi

21
Q

What is the inferior subscapular nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Originates from the posterior cord
Innervates the subscapularis and teres major

22
Q

What is the medial pectoral nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Innervates pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

23
Q

What is the medial brachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the brahcial plexus?

A

Branch of the medial cord
Provides sensory innervation to the medial skin of the arm

24
Q

What is the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the brachial plexus?

A

Is a branch of the medial cord of the brahcial plexus
Provides sensory innervation to the medial forearm skin

25
Q

What is the role of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Provides motor innervation to the anterior arm
Provides sensory or cutaneous innervation to the lateral forearm - via the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

26
Q

What muscles are innervates by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

The anterior muscles of the arm
The brachialis
The biceps brachii
The coracobrachialis

27
Q

Where is the axillary nerve found?

A

In the quadrangle space
This is between the inferior margin of teres minor, the lateral margin of the long head of biceps brachii, the superior border of teres major and the lateral borde of the surgical nerck of the humerus

28
Q

What is the role of the axillary nerve?

A

Provides motor innervation the the deltoid muscle and teres minor
Provides sensory or cutaneous innervation to the skin overlying the deltoid muscle (upper lateral arm).

29
Q

What is the function of the radial nerve?

A

Innervates all posterior structures in the arm and forearm and some of hand
Provides motor and sensory innervation

30
Q

What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii
All 12 muscles in the posterior forearm

31
Q

What is the role of the median nerve?

A

Provides motor innervation to the anterior forearm
Provides motor innervation to the anterior medial hand

32
Q

What is the role of the ulnar nerve?

A

Provides motor innervation in the anterior forearm specifically the flexor carpi ulnaris (above ulnar) and the flexor digitorum profundus found below the ulnar.
Also provides some motor innervation to the lateral anterior hand (thumb side)

33
Q

Describe the motor innervation of the anterior forearm

A

The ulnar and the median nerve
Ulnar does the flexor carpi ulnaris adn the flexor digitorum profundus muscles
The rest is by the median nerve

34
Q

Describe the innervation of the palmar surface of the hand?

A

By the ulnar and median nerve
Median nerve innervates the lateral aspect - 2 lateral lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollic brevis and flexor pollis brevis
Rest of the palmar surface is innervated by the ulnar nerve

35
Q

What are the different parts of the axillary arterty?

A

Part 1: from the lateral border of the first rib to medial border of pectoralis minor
Part 2: to laterak border of pectoralis minor
Part 3: to the inferior border of teres major

36
Q

What artery does the axillary artery originate from?

A

Is a continuation of the subclavian artery as passes under the first rib

37
Q

What are some important branches of the axillary artery?

A

The anterior circumflex and the posterior circumflex artery

Axiallry artery continues as the brachial artery

38
Q

What are some important branches of the brachial artery?

A

Deep brachial artery - supply posterior arm muscles and the shaft of the humerus

39
Q

What are the terminal divisions of the brahcial artery?

A

The radial artery and the ulnar artery
This division occurs in the cubital fossa

40
Q

What are the branches of the ulnar artery?

A

The common interosseus artery
Which then divides into an anterior and a posterior interosseus artery.
Both of which contribute to supply of the forearm

41
Q

What is the blood supply to the palmar surface of the hand?

A

The deep palmar arch - from anastomosis of the radial (mostly) and ulnar artery

The superficial palmar arch - from anastomosis of the radial and ulnar (mostly) artery

42
Q

How do the radial and ulnar arteries contibure to blood supply to the hand?

A

Ulnar supplies mostly digit 5 to half of digit 2

Radial artery supplies mainly digit 1 (thumb) and half of digit 2.

43
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand.

A

Palmar surface - digit 1 to 4,5 is the median nerve and the digit 4.5 to 5 is ulnar nerve

The dorsal surface digits 5-4.5 are the ulnar nerve, the tips of digits 4.5-2 are median, the rest of the hand is radial

44
Q

Draw a diagram to show the major branches of the brachial plexus

A
45
Q

Draw a diagram showing the additional branches in the brachial plexus

A
46
Q

Draw a diagram showing the anterial supply of the arm and forearm.

A

Unit 11 (21 decks)

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