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CS2005 - Networks & Operating Systems > W2 - Application Layer I > Flashcards

W2 - Application Layer I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the Internet?

A

Hosts, communication links, packet switches, and protocols.

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2
Q

What are communication links determined by?

A

Bandwidth, which can include fiber, copper, radio, and satellite.

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3
Q

What do packet switches do?

A

They forward packets of data through routers and switches.

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4
Q

What is the Internet?

A

A network of interconnected networks connected through ISPs.

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5
Q

What controls message exchanges on the Internet?

A

Protocols such as TCP, IP, and HTTPS.

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6
Q

What are RFCs and IETF in the context of Internet standards?

A

RFC: Request for Comments, which define protocols and standards. IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force, which develops and promotes these standards.

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7
Q

What is a protocol in networking?

A

A set of rules defining the format, order of messages sent and received, and the actions taken on message receipt.

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8
Q

What are the six protocol layers listed in the document?

A
  1. Hosts 2. Routers 3. Links of various media 4. Applications 5. Protocol 6. Hardware & Software
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9
Q

What are the main protocol stack layers in the ISO/OSI model?

A

Application, Transport, Network, Link, Physical, Presentation, Session

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10
Q

What does the link layer handle?

A

Data transfer between neighboring network elements via communication mediums like Ethernet, 802.11, and PPP.

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11
Q

What does the physical layer manage?

A

Transmission of bits on the wire.

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12
Q

What is the function of the presentation layer?

A

Allows applications to interpret data through encryption, decryption, and compression.

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13
Q

What is the role of the session layer?

A

Synchronization, checkpointing, and recovery of data exchange.

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14
Q

What are examples of network applications?

A

FTP, SMTP, HTTPS.

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15
Q

What must a network application be capable of?

A

Running on different client systems and communicating over the network.

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16
Q

What is a Client-Server architecture?

A

An architecture where: The server is always on with a permanent IP address. Clients communicate with the server and do not communicate directly with each other.

17
Q

What is Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture?

A

An architecture without an always-on server where peers communicate directly and scale by adding new peers.

18
Q

What is a process in networking?

A

A program running within a host that communicates either via inter-process communication (within the same host) or messages (between hosts).

19
Q

What is the difference between a client process and a server process?

A

Client process: Initiates communication. Server process: Waits to be contacted.

20
Q

What is the role of a socket in communication?

A

It is the interface through which a process sends and receives messages.

21
Q

What information does an addressing process require?

A

A 32-bit IP address, IP addresses of both machines, and port numbers.

22
Q

What does the App-Layer Protocol define?

A
  1. Types of messages exchanged (e.g., request, response). 2. Message syntax. 3. Message semantics. 4. Rules for message processing. 5. Open protocols for interoperability.
23
Q

What transport service features do applications need?

A

Data integrity, throughput, timing, and security.

24
Q

What are the main features of TCP?

A

Reliable transport, flow control, congestion control, and connection-oriented setup.

25
Q

What does TCP not provide?

A

Timing, minimum throughput guarantees, and security.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of UDP?

A

Unreliable data transfer without reliability, flow control, congestion control, timing, throughput guarantee, security, or connection setup.

27
Q

Why is standard TCP considered insecure?

A

It sends cleartext passwords that traverse the Internet in plaintext.

28
Q

How does TSL/SSL secure TCP?

A

By providing encrypted TCP connections, data integrity, and endpoint authentication.

29
Q

Where is SSL implemented?

A

At the application layer through libraries that encrypt cleartext passwords before transmission.

CS2005 - Networks & Operating Systems (1 decks)

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