W1a: Lecture 2 - Classification, causes, and co-occurrence Flashcards
What are the three types of phonological disorders in children?
- Phonological Delay
- Consistent Phonological Disorder
- Inconsistent Phonological Disorder
What are the three types of motor speech disorders in children?
- Articulation Disorder
- Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)
- Childhood Dysarthria
How does the RCSLT terminology differ from traditional textbook definitions regarding SSD?
RCSLT terms include Phonological Impairment (Phonological Delay/Consistent Phonological Disorder) and Articulation Impairment (Articulation Disorder), whereas textbook definitions may use different terminology.
What is a phonological delay?
A presence of a small number of speech error patterns that are typical of younger children, such as stopping of fricatives or weak syllable deletion.
What characterises a consistent phonological disorder?
Consistent use of unusual or non-developmental error patterns, with some developmental error patterns (e.g., backing, initial consonant deletion) that may be delayed or age-appropriate.
What is the definition of an inconsistent phonological disorder?
Inconsistent productions of the same lexical item with no obvious oro-motor difficulties, showing a criterion of ≥40% inconsistency.
What defines an articulation disorder?
Substitutions or distortions of the same sounds in all phonetic contexts during imitation, elicitation, and spontaneous speech tasks (e.g., lisp), with the child not being stimulable for specific sounds.
What are the characteristics of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)?
Inconsistency of consonants or vowels across words, lengthened and disrupted coarticulatory transitions, and inappropriate prosody.
Why is childhood dysarthria excluded from the RCSLT terminology?
Because the cause of dysarthria is usually known, unlike SSD of unknown origin, but it is included in the module separately.
What is the most common type of SSD?
Phonological delay/disorder.
A child has lateralization of /s, z/, which is referred to as a lisp. what SSD does this illistrate
Articulation disorder
What is childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) associated with?
A difficulty in planning and programming movement sequences, resulting in dysprosody and errors in speech sound production.
What does childhood dysarthria involve?
Difficulty with sensorimotor control processes involved in speech production, typically resulting from a known neurological impairment.
What are the key differences between phonological disorders and motor speech disorders?
Phonological disorders involve issues with the mental representation and organization of speech sounds, while motor speech disorders focus on the physical production and coordination of speech sounds.
4 types of classification systems
- Shriberg’s (2010) Speech Disorders Classification System
- Dodd’s (2013) Differential Diagnosis System
- Stackhouse and Wells’ (1997) Psycholinguistic Framework
- World Health Organisation’s (2007) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY)
what type of classification system is Shriberg’s (2010) Speech Disorders Classification System?
aetiological framework
what type of classification system is Dodd’s (2013) Differential Diagnosis System?
descriptive-linguistic framework
what type of classification system is Stackhouse and Wells’ (1997) Psycholinguistic Framework?
processing-based framework
what type of classification system is World Health Organisation’s (2007) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY)?
biopsychosocial framework
What are some of the known genetic causes that can lead to SSD in children?
Genetic syndromes are known causes, such as Down syndrome, which can contribute to SSD in children.
How do craniofacial anomalies, such as cleft palate, contribute to speech sound disorders?
Craniofacial anomalies like cleft palate can affect the physical structures needed for clear speech production, leading to SSD.
In what ways do cognitive or intellectual impairments like Down syndrome impact speech development in children?
Cognitive impairments can cause delays in speech and language development, leading to difficulties in producing clear speech sounds.
How does hearing loss, such as sensorineural hearing loss, affect speech sound development in children?
Hearing loss can prevent children from accurately hearing speech sounds, leading to difficulties in producing them correctly.
What is the relationship between motor impairments like cerebral palsy and speech sound disorders in children?
Motor impairments can affect the muscles involved in speech production, making it difficult for children to articulate sounds clearly.
