W15 pluripotent stem cells Flashcards
What is self-renewal in stem cells?
The way stem cells divide to make more stem cells
What is Differentiation in stem cells
Switch from proliferation to specialisation
What are the pluripotent transcription factors
OSKM
What are the OSKM?
Oct4
Pathways involved in LIF
STAT3 and ERK
How does STAT3 effect differentiation (mice)
Inhibits differentiation
How does ERK effect differentiation (mice)
Promotes differentiation
What can mice ESCs be maintained in without serum
LIF and BMP4
What effect does BMP4 and LIF have on the diff. Capacity in mice
Blocks diff capacity
What happens if the key transcription factors are disturbed
Can cause cell to stop being pluripotent and differentiate
What happens if key TFs are overexpresssed?
pluripotent in a more robust way
Low heterogeneity expression in ES population
means what for closeness to diff
High expression of heterogeneity in ES populations means what for closeness to differentiation
Further from differentiation
What is nanog important for? (Pluripotency wise)
Acquisition of pluripotency
What is SOX important for (pluripotency wise)
Maintenance and pluripotency
Ground state hypothesis
All high levels of NANOG - not differing levels
What do humans require for self-renewal that’s different to mice?
To self-renew they require FGF which activates ERK
Why is human ERK different for mice
ERK will activate differentiation with ERK in mice
Where are human ESCs derived from
Pre-implantation embryos
NANOG levels in naive stem cells
High
NANOG levels in primed cells
Low
Naive stem cells ?
Pre-implantation
primed stem cells
Post-implantation
