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MTLB FINALS > W13 BIOETHICS > Flashcards

W13 BIOETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the identification, study and resolution or mitigation of conflicts among competing values or goals. It is both practical and normative science based on reasons, which studies human acts and provides norms and goodness.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Ethics deals with the systemized body knowledge that can be use, practice and applied to the human action. It considers usefulness, practicality and application of human knowledge towards experience

A

PRACTICAL SCIENCE

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3
Q

Ethics establishes norms or standards for the direction and regulation of human actions, because it determines the principles of right and wrong in human behavior.

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NORMATIVE SCIENCE

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4
Q

It refers to the ethical implication and applications of the healthcare related life sciences.

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BIOETHICS

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5
Q
  • Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
A

EGOISM

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6
Q

Ayn Rand, Adam Smith

A

Famous proponents of EGOISM

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7
Q

What makes something good or bad, right or wrong, is that it satisfies one’s desires, or meets one’s needs.

A

EGOISM

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8
Q
  • Self-interest of person doing, considering or affected by the action.
  • One should chose the action which most realizes to one’s own self-interest.
  • It is about what makes something good or bad or right or wrong that satisfies one’s desire.
A

EGOISM

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9
Q

asserts that a person will always act in their own self-interest even it appears that they do aren’t.

A

Psychological egoism

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10
Q

What makes something good or bad, right or wrong, is that is produces the greatest amount of pleasure (or lack of pain) for the greatest number of people.

A

UTILITARIANISM

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11
Q
  • Maximizing positive outcomes for the largest number of people, negative outcomes for lowest number of people.
  • One should chose the action which will lead to greatest happiness such as pleasure, lack of pain or overall.
  • One’s own pleasure and pain only account as much as any other person’s affected.
A

Famous Proponents of UTILITARIANISM

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12
Q

hedonistic happiness is the highest good in utilitarianism.

A
  • Pleasure
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13
Q

friendship or knowledge preference.

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  • Pluralistic good
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14
Q
  • Holds that the most important aspect of our lives are governed by certain unbreakable moral rules.
A

DEONTOLOGY

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15
Q
  • One example of an unbreakable rule is the Ten Commandments.
  • They may do the right thing even though the consequences of that action may not be good
A

DEONTOLOGY

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16
Q

Immanuel Kant and William David Ross

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Famous Proponentsof Deontology

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17
Q

fulfilling duties towards self or other person is equivalent to the ethics of duties or obligation.

A

basic principle of deontology

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18
Q

, a German philosopher known for single principle, or categorical imperative. He also proposes universality what maxims past distress and persons end what count a person

A

Immanuel Kant

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19
Q

Do no harm

A

Non-maleficence

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20
Q

Doing acts of goodness

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Beneficence

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21
Q

Treat ‘equals’ equally

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Justice

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22
Q

Respect individuals decision

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Autonomy

23
Q

Being faithful

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Fidelity

24
Q

Good attitude and self- improvement

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Reparation

25
Q
  • Four commonly accepted principles of health care ethics, excerpted from Beauchamp and Childress (2008), include
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Ethics such as Autonomy, Non-maleficence, Beneficence, and Justice

26
Q
  • Reason reveals our duty
  • It is a categorical imperative which is required that the action must be universalized, and thus the action treats people as end not just means.
A

KANT’S VERSION

27
Q
  • Common sense intuition reveals our prima facie duties, duty of non-injury has priority, and other duties such as fidelity, beneficence, justice and self-improvement.
A

ROSS VERSION

28
Q

is a duty that is binding or obligatory, other things being equal.

A
  • According to Ross, a prima facie duty
29
Q

a Latin term that is commonly understood to mean “on the first appearance” or “based on first impression.”

A
  • A prima facie duty
30
Q
  • What makes something good or bad, right or wrong is that it involves caring for another and supports relationship with other people.
  • One should always choose the action which supports or nourish other people, particularly those who are the most vulnerable such as children, and workers
A

CARE ETHICS

31
Q

action which is caring towards those who are vulnerable or needs support.

A
  • Basic principle of CARE ETHICS
32
Q

Carol Gilligan, Virginia Held & Michael Slote

A

Famous Proponents of CARE ETHICS

33
Q
  • What makes something good or bad, right or wrong is that it actually embodies or promotes traits culturally acknowledged as good or bad
A

VIRTUE ETHICS

34
Q

Aristotle “everything with the purpose”
Confucius “do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you”

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Famous Proponent of VIRTUE ETHICS

35
Q

actions reflective or productive of good or bad character embodies develop.

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Basic principles of of VIRTUE ETHICS

36
Q

different traditions and theories develop different list of virtues.

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important variations of of VIRTUE ETHICS

37
Q

an excellence or desirable moral quality. It is often defined by the social roles such as parent, child, teachers and etc.

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VIRTUE THEORY

38
Q

often attributed to Aristotle, posits that man should live life according to an inherent human nature.

A

NATURAL LAW

39
Q

concerned with questions of the basic human values such as their right to life and health.

A
  • Bioethics
40
Q
  • The rightness and wrongness of certain development in health care institutions, life technology, medicine, health professions and societies responsible for the health and life of its members.
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BIOETHICAL ISSUES

41
Q

aims to investigate and study how health care physicians are made.

A
  • Bioethics
42
Q
  • As a medical technology, medical advances at a rapid pace, health care professionals are tasked with examining the resulting ethical dilemmas or bioethical issues.
  • Bioethics aims to investigate and study how health care physicians are made.
  • Most fundamentally, it is important because medicine is ethically challenging, clinical life is full of implication, and physical
A

BIOETHICS IN HEALTHCARE

43
Q

recognition that people have to make their own choices, pose their own views, and take actions based on their personal values and belief system.

A

Autonomy

44
Q

treating other people with fairness.

A

Justice

45
Q

an act of doing-well and promoting well being, charity, mercy in kindness with strong connotations of doing good to others inducing moral obligations

A

Beneficence

46
Q

doing no harm whether intentionally or not intentionally.

A

Non-maleficence

47
Q

closely related but not identical to medical bioethics.

A
  • Medical ethics
48
Q

focuses primarily on issue consisting out of the practice of medicine, while bioethics is a very broad subject that is concerned with the moral issue raised by the development in biological sciences

A
  • Medical ethics
49
Q

philosophical discipline pertaining to notions of good or bad, right or wrong.

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  • Ethics
50
Q

application of the field of medicine and health care ethics.

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  • Bioethics
51
Q

 Working in the public interest.
 Obeying laws and respect
diversity and local customs
 Freedom of speech
 Freedom of assembly
 Freedom of media
 Honesty, truth and fact-based communication
 Integrity
 Transparency and disclosure
 Privacy

A

Guiding principles

52
Q

 Commitment to continuous learning and training
 Avoiding conflict of interest
 Advocating for the profession
 Respect and fairness in dealing with public
 Expertise without guarantee of results beyond capacity
 Behaviors that enhance the profession
 Professional conduct

A

Principles of professional practice

53
Q
  • Before you pray – BELIEVE
  • Before you speak – LISTEN
  • Before you spend – EARN
  • Before you write – THINK
  • Before you quit – TRY
  • Before you die – LIVE
A

SIX ETHICS OF LIFE

MTLB FINALS (2 decks)

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