W13 A: Intro to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Flashcards
What is Parkinson’s disease ?
Parkinson’s Disease is :
A brain disorder associated w/ a loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells (neurons) deep inside the brain.
______is the FASTEST GROWING neurological disease.
Parkinson’s Disease
What part of the body does Parkinson’s disease affect?
- A complex neurological disorder that can affect almost every part of the body.
- Ranging from how you move to how you feel to how you think & process.
What is Dopamine?
Dopamine:
-Is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate the body’s movement.
What’s Dopamines role in Parkinson’s disease ?
-Less dopamine in the brain
= LESS control over
movement.
=LESS mobility in general
Many treatments for PD work to REPLACE or ENHANCE lost _______.
-Many treatments for PD work to replace or enhance lost DOPAMINE.
What are Lewy Bodies?
Lewy Bodies :
-Intracytoplasmic eosinophilia inclusions, often w/ halos, that are easily seen in pigmented neurons.
Contain polymerized alpha-synuclein (PD is a synucleinopathy)
At the time of a Parkinson’s Diagnosis ___-___% of the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA is lost.
60-70%
Substantia nigra lost at time of diagnosis.
PD is a multifactorial disease BOTH
___ & ___ factors playing a role).
PD is a multifactorial disease
(both genetic & environmental factors playing a role).
What is the BIGGEST risk factor for PD?
- AGE
is the biggest risk factor for PD.
What is the median age of onset for PD?
Median age of onset:
60 y/o
In regard to PD popullation
Incidence of the disease rises w/ age to ______
(per 100,000 person-yrs) in age groups between ____& __ y/o.
Median age of onset:
60 y/o
Incidence of the disease rises w/ age to 93.1
(per 100,000 person-yrs) in age groups between 70 & 79 y/o
In regard to PD population /
Cross-cultural variations
, Higher prevalence occur /is reported in what geographical countries ?
Cross-cultural variations:
Higher prevalence reported in :
-Europe
-North America
-South America
-Compared w/ African, Asian, & Arabic countries
- INCIDENCE
In 2022 Parkinson’s Foundation-backed study revealed that nearly _________people are diagnosed w/ PD every year in the U.S.
In 2022 Parkinson’s Foundation-backed study revealed that :
[Nearly 90,000 people] are diagnosed w/ PD every year in the U.S.
Note:
(this represents a steep 50% increase from the previously rate of 60,000 diagnoses annually)
Current PD Research:
Study:
“Incidence of Parkinson Disease in North America” found that:
-PD incidence estimates increase w/ age in the ____+ range.
-Primary risk factor for PD is ______-.
Current PD Research:
Study:
“Incidence of Parkinson Disease in North America” found that:
-PD incidence estimates increase w/ age in the 65+ range.
-Primary risk factor for PD is AGE.
PD gender incidence estimates are HIGHER IN ____ as compared to ______ at ALL ages.
PD incidence estimates are HIGHER IN MALES as compared to females at ALL ages.
The increase in the incidence of PD aligns w/ the growth of an _____ POPULATION.
The increase in the incidence of PD aligns w/ the growth of an AGING POPULATION.
PD incidence rates are higher in certain geographic regions:
“_____ Belt”.
(parts of the N. eastern & midwestern U.S. previously regulated by industrial manufacturing), So. Cal, SE Texas, Central Pennsylvania & FL.
-PD incidence rates are higher in certain geographic regions:
“RUST BELT”.
(parts of the N. eastern & midwestern U.S. previously regulated by industrial manufacturing), So. Cal, SE Texas, Central Pennsylvania & FL.
CARDINAL SYMPTOMS OF PD
What are some MOTOR Cardinal Signs with PD?
- Tremor
-Rigidity
-Bradykinesia
-Postural Instability
What are some
NON-MOTOR Cardinal Signs with PD?
*Note there are many.
-Anosmia
(loss of sense of smell.)
-Constipation
-Rapid eye movement (REM)
-Sleep behavior disorder
-Depression
-Anxiety
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Daytime sleepiness
-Daytime Fatigue
-Exhaustion
-Pain
(often unilateral & in affected limb)
-Altered bladder function
-Erectile dysfunction
-Excessive saliva
-Integumentary changes
-Difficulty speaking & swallowing
-Apathy
-Cognitive problems (reduced concentration & attention, slowed thinking)
-Confusion (in some cases dementia)
What is Parkinsonism?
Parkinsonism is an umbrella term that refers to brain conditions that cause :
-Slowed Movements
-Rigidity (stiffness)
-Tremors.
These conditions can happen for many reasons, including genetic mutations, reactions to medications and infections.
What are some Parkinsonism related / causing conditions ?
-Drug-Induced Parkinsonism (DIP).
-Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
(PSP) (aka ALS).
-Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) (aka Shy-Drager Syndrome)
-Vascular Parkinsonism
-Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies
(DLB)
-Corticobasal Degeneration
(CBD)
