W1 & W2 - Linear Kinematics Flashcards
What are the motion analysis systems
Passive marker systems
Active marker systems
What 4 main variables are used to describe translatory (linear) motion?
Position
Distance
Displacement
Velocity/Acceleration
Define angular motion
Motion about a given point so that diff regions of the same body part/object don’t move through the same distance in a given time.
Rectilinear translation
Body travels in a straight path
What are the variables of interest of kinematic analysis?
Position
Velocity
Acceleration
Scalar or vector for displacement?
Vector
Whats the standard index of frequency
Hertz (Hz)
What is kinesiology?
Scientific study of human movement
Define translational motion
Motion in a straight or curved line in which diff regions of the same object move the same distance.
i.e forward hand movement during hockey pass
What is the sampling frequency
No. of frames/pictures per second of data
Define movement/motion
Change in place, position or posture, relative to a point in the env.
What can biomechanical analysis be used for?
Understanding human locomotion in sport + health context
Understand causes of injury
Monitor injury prevention/rehab
What does a biomechanical analysis evaluate?
Motion of a living organism
Effect of forces on a living organism
Displacement
Length of straight line joining its initial + final positions, taking note of the direction.
Is kinesiology considered to be mostly qualitative or quantitative?
Qualitative
i.e breakdown of a skill + ID muscular contributions
How is velocity calculated
Displacement / time
What are the 2 ways in which temporal + spatial characteristics can be described?
Qualitative
Quantitative
What is velocity
Rate of change in position
Define position
Location in space rel to a reference
What can systems be?
Static
Dynamic
Define static systems
Systems that are or aren’t moving at a constant speed.
In equilibrium.
Curvilinear translation
Body travels in a curved path
What are the types of translational motion
Rectilinear
Curvilinear
Define dynamic systems
Systems that are being accelerated
Give examples of angular motion
Flexion of knee during running
Rotation of body during a somersault
Rotation of body around a high bar
What are the ways to collect kinematic data
Motion analysis systems
Motion capture systems
What is scaling?
Conversion of measured distance into real units
i.e 70mm on screen to 0.6m in reality
Relate gymnast rotating about a high bar to angular motion
To make a full revolution, the feet travel a much greater distance than the head.
Number of pictures per second
Frames/field
What characteristics does movement have?
Temporal
Spatial
What can kinetic analyses provide info about?
How a movement was produced + how a position was maintained
Spatial characteristics of movement
Direction + path of motion w. respect to the 3D area in which all things move.
i.e 50 degree angle of release
What are the 2 types of motion present in human movement?
Translational + angular
What are the standard index units
Distances (m)
Time (s)
Active marker systems
Emit infrared light back to the system collecting them.
What can the forces in kinetics be?
Internal (muscle + bones)
External (Ground reaction force)
Give an example of a motion capture system
An Accelerometer
Is biomechanics considered to be mostly qualitative or quantitative?
Quantitative
What does digitisation effectively do?
Turns qualitative video into a quantitate one
What does kinematic analysis provide value for?
How fast, high or far an object travels…
Passive marker systems
Reflective markers placed on the body
Temporal characteristics of movement
Duration of action
Time at which action occurs
Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity
Change in velocity / change in time
