W1; Overview of Nutrition

Question 1

Outline main social forces influencing food choices

Answer 1

• Cultural or religious beliefs and traditions; people eat what they grew up eating
• Social interactions events, customs and holidays (eating out)
• Marketing; brand loyalty
• Food availability, convenience and the economy

Question 2

Outline the behavioural forces influencing food choices

Answer 2

• personal preferences; taste, sweetness, salt, fat
• habit; comforting
• personal values (ethics and the planet)

Question 3

List the six classes of nutrients

Answer 3

• Lipids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Water
• Vitamins (includes vitamin C and B group)
• Minerals (includes major and trace)

Question 4

Describe minerals and the role they play in nutrition

Answer 4

• chemical elements that cannot be changed, as they enter and leave our body in the same form, hence contribute no energy
• inorganic
• in teeth, bones and body fluids
• 16

Question 5

Describe vitamins and the role they play in nutrition

Answer 5

• support enzyme function (CHO some N and other elements)
• can only function if they are intact
• organic
• vulnerable to heat, light and chemical agents
• allow the body to obtain energy from CFP
• indestructible
• can be bound by substances that interfere with the body’s ability to absorb them
• can be lost during food refining processes or cooking
• 13

Question 6

Outline the process of advancement of nutrition knowledge

Answer 6

• observation and question
• hypothesis and prediction
• experiment
• conclusion

Question 7

Describe what Nutrient Reference Values (NRV’s) (Aust) are

Answer 7

systems of nutritional references designed to give guidance on adequate nutrient intake as well as toxic levels

• Outline the levels of intake of essential nutrients on the basis of scientific knowledge, to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of all healthy people for the prevention of deficiency
• Are a set of standards that define the amount of energy, nutrients, other dietary components and physical activity that best support health

Question 8

Estimated average requirement (EAR)

Answer 8

a daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals

Question 9

Recommended dietary intake (RDI)

Answer 9

the average daily dietary intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular age or stage of life

Question 10

Adequate intake (AI)

Answer 10

used when an RDI cannot be determined. based on observed or experimentally determined approximates of nutrient intake by a group that are assumed to be adequate

Question 11

Upper level of intake (UL)

Answer 11

the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects-to almost all individuals

Question 12

energy estimated requirement;

Answer 12

represents the average dietary energy intake that will maintain energy balance in a person who has a healthy body weight and level of physical activity

Question 13

State the “Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range” (AMDR) for protein, carbohydrate and fat

Answer 13

65/ 25/10

Question 14

Anthropometric data

Answer 14

Height and weight

Question 15

leading causes of death

Answer 15

cancer, heart disease, stroke, dementia, lung disease, diabetes, heart failure, kidney disease, influenza, suicide

Question 16

risk factor

Answer 16

A condition or behaviour associated with an elevated frequency of a disease but not proved to be causal.

Question 17

Chronic disease

Answer 17

human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.

Question 18

Primary deficiency

Answer 18

undernutrition is the outcome of insufficient food caused primarily by an inadequate intake of dietary or food energy whether or not any specific nutrientdeficiencyis present

Question 19

secondary deficiency

Answer 19

is due to secondary causes that limit an adequate supply of nutrients to the body.

Question 20

Subclinical deficiency

Answer 20

an illness that is staying below the surface of clinical detection. (early stages) Asubclinicaldisease has no recognizable clinical findings