W1 Food Poisoning & Foodborne Infection Flashcards
What is the ACMSF?
Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of food
What is the ACMSF’s definitio of food poisoning?
ACMSF Definition:
“Any disease of an infectious or toxic nature caused or thought to be caused by the consumption of food or water”
Does the ACMSF’s definition of food poisoning include allergies or food intolerances?
No
What Can Cause Food Poisoning / Foodborne Infection?
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Viruses
- Parasites
- Protozoa
- Pre-formed toxins
- Other toxins
- Scrombrotoxin
- Toxic chemicals
What is a sporadic case?
A single case which has not apparently been associated with other cases, excreters, or carriers in the same period of time
What is a outbreak?
An incident in which two or more people, thought to have a common exposure, experience a similar illness or proven infection
What is a general outbreak?
An outbreak affecting members of more than one private residence or residents of an institution
The Health Protection (Notification) Regulations 2010 place a duty on registered medical practitioners (i.e. doctors) to notify the local authority if they treat a patient they know or suspect to be infected or contaminated with specific infectious disease. Give examples of these infectious diseasess
- Diphtheria
- Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
- Food poisoning
- Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
- Infectious bloody diarrhoea
- Malaria
- Cholera
- Yellow fever
- TB
- Whooping cough
State the reporting and notification chain
Attending clinican > Poper officer (CCDC)> Envirnmental health officer (EHO)
Describe the global incidence of foodbourne disease
- Difficult to determine accurately
- Estimated 1.8 million people die annually from diarrhoeal diseases.
- In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%.
- While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide range of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites.
Show the WHO Global burden of foodborne disease 2007 - 2015
Show a graph of the Incidence of Foodborne Disease in the UK (2000 – 2012)
How many people comtract Infectious intestinal disease (IID) each year?
Up to 17 million cases annually
What percentage of people are absent from school or work each year due Infectious intestinal disease?
- 50%
- Equates to 19 million days lost
*
Explain the case study:
IID Study 1 1993-1996
B.M.J (1999) 318 p.1046-1050
IID Study 2 2008 - 2009
FSA / DoH report 2011
- For every case of IID in the UK reported to national surveillance there were around 10 GP consultations and 147 cases in the community
- The rate of IID in the community in England was 43% higher in IID2 than in IID1
- Number of people visiting their GP about IID was 50% lower.
Reporting Pattern of IID due to Campylobacter in England (IID1 & IID2)
- As with previous figures, numbers inside the ellipses represent the estimated rates and numbers outside the ellipses are the ratios of incidence in the community and presenting to general practice relative to the incidence of IID reported to national surveillance.
- For each organism, the area of the ellipses is proportional to the incidence, so as to enable a visual comparison between the two studies.
- For Campylobacter, the rate estimated in the community in IID2 is 10 cases per 1,000 person-years, similar to that estimated in the IID1 study. Approximately 1 in 10 cases of Campylobacter IID in the community is reported to national surveillance, also similar to the estimate in IID1. By contrast, the rate of Campylobacter IID presenting to general practice was 1.2 cases per 1,000 person-years, more than 3 times lower in IID2 compared with the IID1 (Figure 7.9).
Reporting Pattern of IID due to Salmonella in England (IID1 & IID2)
- The incidence of Salmonella IID appears to have decreased dramatically since the IID1 study was conducted. The rate estimated in the IID2 study for Salmonella IID in the community was 0.7 cases per 1,000 person-years. This is less than a third of that estimated in the IID1 study, although it should be noted that there is considerable overlap in the 95% CIs, and the difference in the two estimates could be due to chance; the number of community cases with Salmonella IID in the two studies was small. However, there were corresponding decreases in the incidence of Salmonella IID presenting to general practice and reported to national surveillance between the first and second IID studies.
- The rate of Salmonella IID presenting to general practice was 0.2 cases per 1,000 person-years in the IID2 study, 8 times lower than in the IID1 study, and this was reflected in a greater than 4-fold decrease in the frequency of reports to national surveillance for salmonellosis (Figure 7.10).
Health and Safety Offences, Corporate Manslaughter and Food Safety and Hygiene OffencesRegulations 2004. State the culpability of organisations or individuals based on the seriousness of the offence
Health and Safety Offences, Corporate Manslaughter and Food Safety and Hygiene OffencesRegulations 2004
What constitutes harm levels A, B and C?
Health and Safety Offences, Corporate Manslaughter and Food Safety and Hygiene OffencesRegulations 2004:
What kinds of fines may be issued?
