W1 - Energy Issues

Question 1

3 Main energy concerns

Answer 1

➤ Production
➤ Transportation
➤ transmitting/dristribution

Question 2

How do we mitigate the current energy set up for 3 sectors and issues for each point.

Answer 2

➤ Transportation
- efficient engines, fuel source, hybrids

➤ Buildings

• Heat recovery (needs heat sinks)
• Insulation upgrade ( moisture excessive)
• daylight use (glare)
• local power generation (difficult to demand match)

➤ Industry
- often cheating occurs to meet standards
overcome by gradual realistic targets.

Question 3

3 main energy sources

Answer 3

➤ Nuclear
➤ Renewable
➤ Fossil fules

Question 4

5 factors to consider for optimum deployment

Answer 4

➤ Feasibility - viewpoints and abailible techknowledgy.
➤ Economics - cost
➤ Energy/Carbon economics - efficiency ratings
➤ Environmental Impact - resources, abuse
➤ Social Impact - jobs etc

Question 5

4 FUNDAMENTAL Energy System Principles and definitions

Answer 5

➤ Dynamic - Adhear to RateOfChange

➤ Non - Linear - Parameters change with state
variables evolving over time.

➤ Systematic - All variables a connected and influence another

➤ Stochastic - BC are sporadic and somewhat unpredictable to an extent.

Question 6

Name the 3 energy system Opportunity methods

Answer 6

➤ Mapping - National, regional, urban scale.

➤ Matching Supply-Demand

➤ Big Data

Question 7

Explain Mapping at all three levels.

Answer 7

➤ National (renewables/ coal etc)
- Strategic and Sources to promote

➤ Regional (wind farms)

• Policy conflicts
• Land availability
• viability/feasibility

➤ Urban (solar panels, wind turbine etc)

• Suitable land use.
• network access
• ageing assets and infrastructure.

Question 8

Explain the Opportunity method

- Supply/Demand Matching

Answer 8

➤ Senarios of situations to try match the demand with potential supply options which save money/energy.
➤ can show surplus/deficit in case studies
➤ performance criteria can be used.

Question 9

Explain the Opportunity method

- Big Data

Answer 9

➤ Collection of actual/furture consumptions
➤ remote monitoring - eservice delivery
➤ Allows accurate date for other opportunity methods
➤ very lucrative information.

issues:
E-security, participation, quality assurance.

Question 10

Discuss embedded Generation

Answer 10

Where small scale generators ie) small turbines CHP sources. Used in local communities to try and of set the excessive demand at peak times.

Question 11

Discuss Fission (3)

Answer 11

➤ 6% global energy
➤ >£ than fossil fuel, < renewable
➤ radioactive waste >decay life.

Question 12

Discuss Fusion (4)

Answer 12

➤ abundance of sea water
➤ little radioactive waste
➤ Needs&raquo_space;>temp
➤ Not developed yet 22nd centenary.

Question 13

Nuclear Energy (4)

Answer 13

➤ mostly new builds
➤ poor public view
➤ high cost to commission and decommission plant.
➤ costly waste managment

Question 14

Renewable Energy (4)

Answer 14

➤ Total potential is not met by the resources readily available or the development of technology.
➤ Ever increasing -Transmittions/Distribution/storage needs.
➤ >capital, corrosion/abrasion, HSE, Grid access, land/environmental impact.

Question 15

IPV definition and (4) points

Answer 15

➤ Integrated Performance View
➤ Where a project manager can typically use information stored in databases to make informed decisions to source
➤ ‘Support’ (CAD, import, contract out) or request ‘Simulations’ data of environmental set up.
➤ Generally databases or a Graphical User interface is implement to show a range of relevant information in tables or graphically.
➤ All this allows for Performance Assessment and reporting which would include result analysis and standard reports on the support and simulations and their compliance to standards?

Question 16

Virtual Design considerations (3)

Answer 16

➤ Integrated Simulation
➤ Incorporate Best practice
➤ Rational Approach

Question 17

In virtual design why consider:

➤ Integrated Simulation (5)

Answer 17

➤ Confirms legislation
➤ > advantageous outcomes
➤ brings desirable to applicable standards
➤ allows new and Research Tech to be implemented
➤ reduces environmental impact

Question 18

In virtual design why consider:

➤ Incorporate Best practice (4)

Answer 18

➤ Respects interactions and temporal Aspects
➤ Integrates technical domains
➤ Supports collaboration
➤ links life cycle and Health Saftey impact

Question 19

In virtual design why consider:

➤ Rational Approach(2)

Answer 19

➤ Gradually evolve problem

➤ Check objective at distinct stages.

Question 20

Simulation assisted Design

Answer 20

➤ Is the use of a performance assessment method (PAM) to
required to direct the user’s line of inquiry

➤ Such a PAM can be attributed with alternative knowledge instances depending on the user’s
viewpoint, the application topic(s) and the program’s capabilities.

Question 21

Sentence to remember 11 PAM’s

Answer 21

Energy 
Can 
Bloody 
Suck
Ringpieces
I
Propose 
A Sacking 
Imediately

Question 22

11 PAM’s sentence and related Actions/knowledge

Answer 22

Energy - Establish model / unconstrained base design
Can - Calibrate / reliable techniques
Bloody - Boundary conditions / reliable severity
Suck - Simulate / use of sutible applications
Ringpieces - Results comparrison to Criteria / know sutible criteria
Im - Identify problems / acceptable screening methods
Recomending - Result analysis for errors / sourcing errors
Penitrating - Propose solutions / relate parameters to results
A Small - Apply Solutions to revise model / revise per issue.
Innocent - Iterate until it works / initial sim again
Rectum - Repeat till Reliability ok. / redo from BC.

Question 23

3 reasons that similar walls (equal U values) will differ when energy applied

Answer 23

➤ different thermal capacity
➤ different layer construction
➤ layer conductivity vairation

Question 24

What is a low ε coating

Answer 24

on inside surface of double glazing
➤ reduces the long wave flux transfer between room/window and reduces the heat loss

Inner cavity Surface
➤ Flux exchange is with this surface
➤ Iinner window is warmer and slightly greater heat loss

Question 25

Describe 2 reasons to model a wall in 3d

Answer 25

➤ corners with dissimilar materials may inter-pentrate(mesh)
or the corner is a significant portion of the building

➤ thermal bridges ie window in a wall is present.

Question 26

2 advantages of insulation on inner wall cavity

Answer 26

➤ hides the greater thermal capacity of the structure

➤ inside surface is likely to remain above the dew temperature

Question 27

3 Dissadvantages of insulation on inner wall cavity

Answer 27

➤ hidden thermal capacity may not be seen and accounted for when using heating appliances.
➤ radiation through opening cannot be stored in the cavity as the insulation is a barrier
➤ internal insulation increases the susceptibility of of condensation occurring as the construction may have significant areas below dew point Temp.

Question 28

Discuss what LWR and SWR and the differences

Answer 28

SWR - Visable light
LWR - Infra red radiation

sun mainly gives SWR with small amounts of LWR. Thus solar is generally said to be swr

Bodies emit LWR that are at temperatures.

Question 29

External surface LWR (5) influencing factors

Answer 29

➤   Cloud Cover
➤   sky temperature
➤   environment/surrounding object temperatures
➤   ground temp
➤   view factors

Question 30

Passive solar elements and use in building design

Answer 30

➤ capture store or transport energy without the need for mechanical systems.

ie)
solar control devices , sun spaces, phase changing materials, self induced ventilation, mass walls.