W1 - Energy Issues Flashcards
3 Main energy concerns
➤ Production
➤ Transportation
➤ transmitting/dristribution
How do we mitigate the current energy set up for 3 sectors and issues for each point.
➤ Transportation
- efficient engines, fuel source, hybrids
➤ Buildings
- Heat recovery (needs heat sinks)
- Insulation upgrade ( moisture excessive)
- daylight use (glare)
- local power generation (difficult to demand match)
➤ Industry
- often cheating occurs to meet standards
overcome by gradual realistic targets.
3 main energy sources
➤ Nuclear
➤ Renewable
➤ Fossil fules
5 factors to consider for optimum deployment
➤ Feasibility - viewpoints and abailible techknowledgy.
➤ Economics - cost
➤ Energy/Carbon economics - efficiency ratings
➤ Environmental Impact - resources, abuse
➤ Social Impact - jobs etc
4 FUNDAMENTAL Energy System Principles and definitions
➤ Dynamic - Adhear to RateOfChange
➤ Non - Linear - Parameters change with state
variables evolving over time.
➤ Systematic - All variables a connected and influence another
➤ Stochastic - BC are sporadic and somewhat unpredictable to an extent.
Name the 3 energy system Opportunity methods
➤ Mapping - National, regional, urban scale.
➤ Matching Supply-Demand
➤ Big Data
Explain Mapping at all three levels.
➤ National (renewables/ coal etc)
- Strategic and Sources to promote
➤ Regional (wind farms)
- Policy conflicts
- Land availability
- viability/feasibility
➤ Urban (solar panels, wind turbine etc)
- Suitable land use.
- network access
- ageing assets and infrastructure.
Explain the Opportunity method
- Supply/Demand Matching
➤ Senarios of situations to try match the demand with potential supply options which save money/energy.
➤ can show surplus/deficit in case studies
➤ performance criteria can be used.
Explain the Opportunity method
- Big Data
➤ Collection of actual/furture consumptions
➤ remote monitoring - eservice delivery
➤ Allows accurate date for other opportunity methods
➤ very lucrative information.
issues:
E-security, participation, quality assurance.
Discuss embedded Generation
Where small scale generators ie) small turbines CHP sources. Used in local communities to try and of set the excessive demand at peak times.
Discuss Fission (3)
➤ 6% global energy
➤ >£ than fossil fuel, < renewable
➤ radioactive waste >decay life.
Discuss Fusion (4)
➤ abundance of sea water
➤ little radioactive waste
➤ Needs»_space;>temp
➤ Not developed yet 22nd centenary.
Nuclear Energy (4)
➤ mostly new builds
➤ poor public view
➤ high cost to commission and decommission plant.
➤ costly waste managment
Renewable Energy (4)
➤ Total potential is not met by the resources readily available or the development of technology.
➤ Ever increasing -Transmittions/Distribution/storage needs.
➤ >capital, corrosion/abrasion, HSE, Grid access, land/environmental impact.
IPV definition and (4) points
➤ Integrated Performance View
➤ Where a project manager can typically use information stored in databases to make informed decisions to source
➤ ‘Support’ (CAD, import, contract out) or request ‘Simulations’ data of environmental set up.
➤ Generally databases or a Graphical User interface is implement to show a range of relevant information in tables or graphically.
➤ All this allows for Performance Assessment and reporting which would include result analysis and standard reports on the support and simulations and their compliance to standards?
Virtual Design considerations (3)
➤ Integrated Simulation
➤ Incorporate Best practice
➤ Rational Approach
In virtual design why consider:
➤ Integrated Simulation (5)
➤ Confirms legislation
➤ > advantageous outcomes
➤ brings desirable to applicable standards
➤ allows new and Research Tech to be implemented
➤ reduces environmental impact
In virtual design why consider:
➤ Incorporate Best practice (4)
➤ Respects interactions and temporal Aspects
➤ Integrates technical domains
➤ Supports collaboration
➤ links life cycle and Health Saftey impact
In virtual design why consider:
➤ Rational Approach(2)
➤ Gradually evolve problem
➤ Check objective at distinct stages.
Simulation assisted Design
➤ Is the use of a performance assessment method (PAM) to
required to direct the user’s line of inquiry
➤ Such a PAM can be attributed with alternative knowledge instances depending on the user’s
viewpoint, the application topic(s) and the program’s capabilities.
Sentence to remember 11 PAM’s
Energy Can Bloody Suck Ringpieces I Propose A Sacking Imediately
11 PAM’s sentence and related Actions/knowledge
Energy - Establish model / unconstrained base design
Can - Calibrate / reliable techniques
Bloody - Boundary conditions / reliable severity
Suck - Simulate / use of sutible applications
Ringpieces - Results comparrison to Criteria / know sutible criteria
Im - Identify problems / acceptable screening methods
Recomending - Result analysis for errors / sourcing errors
Penitrating - Propose solutions / relate parameters to results
A Small - Apply Solutions to revise model / revise per issue.
Innocent - Iterate until it works / initial sim again
Rectum - Repeat till Reliability ok. / redo from BC.
3 reasons that similar walls (equal U values) will differ when energy applied
➤ different thermal capacity
➤ different layer construction
➤ layer conductivity vairation
What is a low ε coating
on inside surface of double glazing
➤ reduces the long wave flux transfer between room/window and reduces the heat loss
Inner cavity Surface
➤ Flux exchange is with this surface
➤ Iinner window is warmer and slightly greater heat loss
Describe 2 reasons to model a wall in 3d
➤ corners with dissimilar materials may inter-pentrate(mesh)
or the corner is a significant portion of the building
➤ thermal bridges ie window in a wall is present.
2 advantages of insulation on inner wall cavity
➤ hides the greater thermal capacity of the structure
➤ inside surface is likely to remain above the dew temperature
3 Dissadvantages of insulation on inner wall cavity
➤ hidden thermal capacity may not be seen and accounted for when using heating appliances.
➤ radiation through opening cannot be stored in the cavity as the insulation is a barrier
➤ internal insulation increases the susceptibility of of condensation occurring as the construction may have significant areas below dew point Temp.
Discuss what LWR and SWR and the differences
SWR - Visable light
LWR - Infra red radiation
sun mainly gives SWR with small amounts of LWR. Thus solar is generally said to be swr
Bodies emit LWR that are at temperatures.
External surface LWR (5) influencing factors
➤ Cloud Cover ➤ sky temperature ➤ environment/surrounding object temperatures ➤ ground temp ➤ view factors
Passive solar elements and use in building design
➤ capture store or transport energy without the need for mechanical systems.
ie)
solar control devices , sun spaces, phase changing materials, self induced ventilation, mass walls.
