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PSY/201 UOPX > W1 Ch 1: all vocab > Flashcards

W1 Ch 1: all vocab Flashcards

1
Q

scientific method

A

the approach through which psychologists systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest

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2
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior

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3
Q

theories

A

broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest

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4
Q

behavioral neuroscience

A

Examines the biological basis of behavior

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5
Q

hypothesis

A

a prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested

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6
Q

Clinical psychology

A

deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders

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7
Q

operational definition

A

the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed

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8
Q

Clinical neuropsychology

A

focuses on the relationship between biological and psychological disorders

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9
Q

descriptive research

A

research designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or patterns of behavior

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10
Q

cognitive psychology

A

focuses on the study of higher mental processes

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11
Q

archival research

A

research in which existing data, such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis

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12
Q

counseling psychology

A

focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems

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13
Q

naturalistic observation

A

research in which an investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation

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14
Q

cross-cultural psychology

A

investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups

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15
Q

survey research

A

research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes

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16
Q

developmental psychology

A

examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death

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17
Q

case study

A

an in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people

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18
Q

educational psychology

A

concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance

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19
Q

variables

A

behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way

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20
Q

environmental psychology

A

considers the relationship between people and their physical environment

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21
Q

correlational research

A

research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or “correlated”

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22
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

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23
Q

experiment

A

the investigation of the relationship between two (or more) variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation

24
Q

experimental psychology

A

studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world

25
Q

experimental manipulation

A

the change that an experimenter deliberately produces in a situation

26
Q

forensic psychology

A

focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories

27
Q

treatment

A

the manipulation implemented by the experimenter

28
Q

health psychology

A

explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease

29
Q

experimental group

A

any group participating in an experiment that receives treatment

30
Q

industrial/organizational psychology

A

concerned with the psychology of the workplace

31
Q

control group

A

a group participating in an experiment that receives no treatment

32
Q

personality psychology

A

focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another

33
Q

independent variable

A

the variable that is manipulated by an experimenter

34
Q

program evaluation

A

focuses on assessing large-scale programs to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals

35
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the experimenter’s manipulation of the independent variable

36
Q

psychology of women

A

focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women

37
Q

random assignment to condition

A

a procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or “conditions” on the basis of chance and chance alone

38
Q

school psychology

A

devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems

39
Q

replication

A

research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and group of participants, to increase confidence in prior findings

40
Q

social psychology

A

the study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others

41
Q

informed consent

A

a document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve

42
Q

sport psychology

A

applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise

43
Q

experimental bias

A

factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment

44
Q

neuroscience perspective

A

the approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions

45
Q

placebo

A

a false treatment, such as a pill, “drug,” or other substance, without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient

46
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

the approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control

47
Q

behavioral perspective

A

the approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study

48
Q

cognitive perspective

A

the approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world

49
Q

humanistic perspective

A

the approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior

50
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

51
Q

structuralism

A

Wundt’s approach, which focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities

52
Q

introspection

A

a procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in details what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus

53
Q

functionalism

A

an early approach to psychology that concentration on what the mind does - the functions of mental activity - and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments

54
Q

gestalt psychology

A

an approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a “whole” sense rather than on the individual elements of perception

55
Q

free will

A

the idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual

56
Q

determinism

A

the idea that people’s behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control

PSY/201 UOPX (3 decks)

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