w1 - anatomical planes + movements

Question 1

anatomical planes

Answer 1

hypothetical planes that transect the body in order to view body structures from different points of view.

Question 2

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 2

splits body into anterior and posterior portions along the sagittal axis.

Question 3

generally, what movements can occur on the frontal plane?

Answer 3

lateral, side-to-side movements.

Question 4

which angular movements can occur on the frontal plane?

Answer 4

abduction + adduction
lateral flexion

Question 5

what is abduction and adduction?

Answer 5

moving a limb (abduct) or towards (adduct) the midline.

Question 6

which body regions can perform abduction and adduction?

Answer 6

hip, shoulders, fingers, toes.

Question 7

what is lateral flexion?

Answer 7

bending of the spine along the frontal plane.

Question 8

which body regions can perform lateral flexion?

Answer 8

vertebral column (spine)

Question 9

sagittal plane

Answer 9

splits body into left and right portions along the frontal axis.

Question 10

generally, what movements can occur on the sagittal plane?

Answer 10

forward and backward movements.

Question 11

which angular movements can occur on the sagittal plane?

Answer 11

flexion + extension

Question 12

what is flexion + extension?

Answer 12

reducing (flexion) or increasing (extension) the angle between two segments.

Question 13

what body regions can perform flexion + extension?

Answer 13

vertebral column, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip, knee, toes.

Question 14

transverse plane

Answer 14

splits body into superior and inferior portions along the longitudal axis.

Question 15

generally, what movements can occur on the transverse plane?

Answer 15

twisting or rotational movements.

Question 16

which angular movements can occur on the transverse plane?

Answer 16

rotation
internal (medial) + external (lateral) rotation

Question 17

what are angular movements?

Answer 17

these movements increase or decrease the angle between bones, occurring across multiple body regions.

Question 18

what are special movements?

Answer 18

these are different movements that are specific to one or two body regions only.

Question 19

what are the special movements that can occur in the frontal plane?

Answer 19

radial + ulnar deviation
inversion + eversion
elevation + depression.

Question 20

what is rotation?

Answer 20

turning a bone around its longitudinal axis.

Question 21

what body regions can perform rotation?

Answer 21

vertebral column

Question 22

what is internal + external rotation?

Answer 22

turning a bone towards or away from the midline.

Question 23

what body regions can perform internal + external rotation?

Answer 23

shoulder, hip.

Question 24

what is radial + ulnar deviation?

Answer 24

moving wrist towards radius or ulna.

Question 25

what is inversion + eversion?

Answer 25

tilting the sole of the foot medially or laterally.

Question 26

what is elevation + depression?

Answer 26

gliding of a body part superiorly or inferiorly.

Question 27

which body regions can perform elevation + depression?

Answer 27

jaw, scapula.

Question 28

what are the special movements than can occur in the sagittal plane?

Answer 28

dorsiflexion + plantarflexion

Question 29

what is dorsiflexion + plantarflexion?

Answer 29

moving ankle upwards or downwards.

Question 30

what are the special movements that can occur in the transverse plane?

Answer 30

protraction + retraction horizontal adduction + abduction pronation + supination opposition circumduction

Question 31

what is protraction + retraction?

Answer 31

gliding of a body part anteriorly or posteriorly.

Question 32

which body regions can perform protraction + retraction?

Answer 32

jaw, scapula.

Question 33

what is horizontal adduction + abduction?

Answer 33

moving limb toward or away from the midline in the transverse plane.

Question 34

which body regions are able to perform horizontal adduction + abduction?

Answer 34

shoulder, hip

Question 35

what is pronation + supination?

Answer 35

rotating the forearm so palms are up or down.

Question 36

what is opposition?

Answer 36

touching the tip of the thumb to the tip of another finger.

Question 37

what is circumduction?

Answer 37

a rotational movement combining flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions.

Question 38

which body regions are able to perform circumduction?

Answer 38

shoulder, hip, fingers