W1 Flashcards
What are the 3 models of health & illness?
Mind-body relationships, Biomedical Model & Biopsychosocial model
Describe the mind-body relationship model of health & illness
Stone age- diseases attributed to evil spirits & punishment from the gods, Hippocrates humoural theory, Descartes Dualism - mechanistic view underpins biomedical model
Describe the Biomedical model of health & illness
Diseases & symptoms have underlying pathological cause- reductionist view
Describe the Biopsycosocial model of health & illness
Disease & symptoms are explained by a combo of physical, cultural, psych & social factors- Engell 1977
What is dualism?
The idea that the mind & body are separate entities - Descartes
What is Monoism?
Viewing the mind & body as one unit
What does it mean to be healthy accord to Bauman 1961?
general sense of WB, absence of symptoms of disease & seen in the things that a person who is physically fit is able to do
Bauman’s Lay Theory of Health
Health is related to a feeling, symptom orientation & performance
Social Representations of Health
Health is related to not being ill, as a reserve (recover quick, resilience), a behaviour, physical fitness & vitality, psychosocial WB, as a function
WHO Definition of Health
State of complete physical, mental & social WB and not merely the absence of disease or infirmitry
What are some cross-cultural perspectives on Health?
Cultures vary in their health beliefs systems in regards to holistic explanations, spiritual explanations & collectivist vs individualistic approaches
How is development related to health?
Its important to consider Developmental theories that look at how lifespan, ageing & beliefs affect health & illness
What are some developmental theories?
Developmental theories look at the interaction of learning, experience & maturation. Piaget looked at a staged structure to cog dev which all ind follow in sequence
What are Piaget’s cog developmental stages
Sensorimotor (0-2yo) understands world through sensations & movement, Preoperational (2-7yo) symbolic thought develops, simple logic & language, Concrete Operational (7-11yo) abstract thought & logic, mental operations & manipulation. Formal operational (12yo-adult) abstract thought, imagination, deductive reasoning
How do Sensorimotor & Pre-operation Stage Children understand Illness Concept
Under 7s explain illness on a magical level- often based on association; incomprehension- child gives irrelevant answers, phenomenonism - illness is usually a sign that the child has at some time assoc with the illness w little cause & effect), contagion- illness if from a person or object that is close by or can be attributed to activity that occurred before the illness
How do Concrete Operational Stage Children understand Illness Concept
8-11 yo are more concrete & based on causal sequence- can differentiate between body organs & understand simple illness info, identify treatment/personal actions improve health. Contamination- kids learn illness can have multiple symptoms, internalisation- illness is within the body but the process by which symptoms occur can be partially understood,
How do Formal Operational Stage Adolescents understand Illness Concept
Illness concepts are abstract- explanations based on interactions between person & environ. Physiological- illness defined in terms of specific bodily organs/functions- understand multiple phys causes. Psychophysiological- from 14+ understand mind-body interaction & role of stress/worry in exacerbating cause of illness
How do 17-18+ young adults understand Illness Concept
Young adulthood- less likely to adopt new health-risk behaviour & more likely to engage on protective behaviour for health reasons. Middle age- identified as period of doubts, anxiety & change- uncertainty of role when children leave home, awareness of physical changes
Describe ageing successfully
Ageing is not negative- self-concept is stable through ageing. Successful ageing is possible & includes biomedical influences inc broad influences social engagement, psych resources
