W:3 Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Appreciate the anatomical and histological features of endocrine pancreas

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify the major hormones secreted from the endocrine pancreas, list the major target organs for insulin, and explain the major effect of insulin

Answer 2

insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood, and somatostatin, which prevents the release of insulin and glucagon.

Question 3

Compare the difference between type I and type II diabetes and describe the clinical presentations, systemic complications and oral manifestations of diabetes

Answer 3

diabetes type 1, the pancreas does not make insulin, because the body’s immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas that make insulin. In diabetes type 2, the pancreas makes less insulin than used to, and your body becomes resistant to insulin.
SC: Common diabetes health complications include heart disease, chronic kidney disease, nerve damage, and other problems with feet, oral health, vision, hearing, and mental health.

Question 4

Define MetSy and explain the role of central obesity and insulin resistance in the development and pathophysiology of MetSy

Answer 4

Obesity= BMI >30 borderline is 25-29.9
Visceral fat is indicative of DM tendency.
Adipose tissue: endocrine organ, high levels of adipose= secretes inflammatory adipokines= causes atherosclerosis
Fat = inflammation = resistance to insulin = self perpetuating cycle:

Question 5

Discuss the health impacts of obesity

Answer 5