Vulcanicity- Key terms Flashcards
What is magma?
Magma is molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface
What is lava?
Lava is the term used for molten rock once it has been ejected at the surface
What are volcanic bombs??
Volcanic bombs are crusted over deposits of ash which are ejected during volcanic eruptions
What is tephra?
Tephra is airborne ash and dust ejected during volcanic eruptions
What is a conical hill?
A conical hill is a rounded mountain shape, the form of which volcanoes most commonly take
What is an active volcano?
Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in living memory. They can be either very or intermittently active
What is a dormant volcano?
Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted within historical record
What is an extinct volcano?
Extinct volcanoes are volcanoes that won’t erupt again as they haven’t erupted in the last 25,000 years
What is an intrusive landform?
An intrusive landform is what is formed when magma is injected into the crust but does not reach the surface
What is an extrusive landform?
Extrusive landforms are formed when the magma does reach the surface
What are gaseous emissions?
Gaseous emissions are emissions released from a volcanic eruption; they are dominated by steam but also highly dangerous gases such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide
What is pyroclastic material?
Pyroclastic material is a wide range of volcanic fragments from fine grained ash and lapili to volcanic bombs. Characteristic of more gaseous phases of eruption.
What are lahars?
Lahars are when ash is spread and mixes with rain or meltwater, forming fast moving mud flows
What is lapili?
Lapili is tephra in it’s finest form of hairlike trails
What is basaltic lava?
Basaltic lava is lava formed from the upward movement of magma at constructive margins e.g. ridges and hot spots, low in silica so more fluid and allows gas bubbles to enter, preventing sudden explosions
