VTT 234 Final review

Question 1

Define prokaryotes

Answer 1

Lake a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. These are bacteria

Question 2

Define Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Have a true nucleus, usually molds.

Question 3

What is an anaerobic environment

Answer 3

No oxygen

Question 4

What is an aerobic environment

Answer 4

Needs oxygen

Question 5

Name the four different bacterial shapes

Answer 5

Sphere (cocci), Rods (bacillus), Spirals (spirochetes)

Question 6

What is normal flora?

Answer 6

Found on: skin, nasal, ears, digestive, genital/urinary tract, eyes, ears, mouth

Question 7

What is ubiquitous?

Answer 7

Found everywhere, soil, water, food, atmosphere, vegetation.

Question 8

Define an opportunistic pathogen

Answer 8

an organism that normally does not cause disease

Question 9

Define an obligate pathogen

Answer 9

a bacteria that is never part of normal flora and causes disease

Question 10

Define incubation period

Answer 10

period of time from the initial infection to when clinical signs/symptoms appear.

Question 11

Define zoonosis

Answer 11

a disease that can be transmitted from animals to people.

Question 12

Define endemic

Answer 12

an organism that remains in a certain geographical area.

Question 13

Define epidemic

Answer 13

a sudden increase of disease cases

Question 14

Define pandemic

Answer 14

epidemic that spreads trough populations over a vast region

Question 15

Define gram +

Answer 15

Cells physically have a thicker cell wall.
The cell wall contains greater amounts of peptidoglycan.
Peptidoglycan acts as a barrier to decolorization.
Show as blue or purple

Question 16

Define gram -

Answer 16

Cell wall is more complex.
Less peptidoglycan, more lipopolysaccharide allows the cell wall to become decolorized.
Show as red or pink

Question 17

Catalase test

Answer 17

Performed on gram + bacteria
Positive- bubbling
Staphylococci will be positive
Streptococci will be negative

Question 18

Potassium Hydroxide Test

Answer 18

KOH positive, Gram + = no mucus (because cell wall thicker)

KOH negative, Gram - = mucus

Question 19

Define pathogenicity

Answer 19

Ability of a pathogen to produce an infectious dz (cause harm to the host)

Question 20

Define virulence

Answer 20

The measure of degree of pathogensis

Also it’s ability to reproduce within the host

Question 21

How can bacteria produce disease

Answer 21

Tissue invasion and toxin production

Question 22

What is a Differential-Selective media type

Answer 22

It inhibits the growth of a particular type of organism while allow other types to grow and be distinguished from each other based on their metabolic activities.

Question 23

What is a Enriched media type?

Answer 23

enhances the growth and/or the distinguishing characteristics of a particular group of organisms.

Question 24

What is a Selective Enrichment media type?

Answer 24

enhances the growth of a particular type of organism while inhibiting the growth of others.

Question 25

What is a General Purpose media type?

Answer 25

allows for the growth of most organisms without enhancing or inhibiting their growth.