VTNE questions Flashcards
On what animal would you expect to find wattles?
a chicken
What is a wattle?
-are part of chickens’ heat regulation system. They are unable to sweat. Instead they cool themselves through their blood circulation: the wattles and combs are thick with capillaries and veins for the overheated blood to pass through. It is air-cooled as it passes through these blood vessels. In turn, this cooler blood reduces the chicken’s internal temperature.
Which of the following is a zoonotic disease associated with birds?
Chlamydiosis
What is chlamydiosis?
an obligate intracellular bacteriuman; inapparent subclinical infection or acute, subacute, or chronic disease of wild and domestic birds characterized by respiratory, digestive, or systemic infection.
Pole and collar restraint is used for what species?
Macaca mulatta
What is Macaca mulatta?
old world monkeys
The common mite of the hedgehog is?
Caparinia
The sex of a juvenile chinchilla is determined by?
anogenital distance
Blood collected from the orbital sinus is common in what animal?
mouse
The female of what species exhibits the sexually dimorphic characteristic called the dewlap?
Oryctolagus cuniculus
What is Oryctolagus cuniculus?
European or common rabbit
The coccidia of the rabbit is?
Eimeria
All adult amphibians are?
Carnivores
In what species would you expect to find a hemipenis?
lizard
What is a hemipenis?
one of a pair of intromittent organs of male squamates (snakes, lizards and worm lizards).
Hemipenes are usually held inverted, within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue
From what species might you obtain a cloacal sample?
Gallus domesticus (chicken)
The sex of a parrot is determined by?
blood test
What species is prone to audiogenic (produced by sound) seizures?
Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil)
The genus of the ferret ear mite is?
otodectes
Ferret young are called?
kits
Which of the following is not an induced ovulator?
guinea pig
Bumblefoot is a bacterial infection that causes swollen feet in what species?
Gallus domesticus (chicken)
The grandular portion of the stomach in birds is referred to as the?
proventriculus
What species has a uropygial gland?
Cricetulus griseus (hamster) informally known as the preen gland or the oil gland,
Gallus domesticus is the scientific name for the?
chicken
Which of the following nonhuman primates is considered to be platyrrhine. or broad nose?
Saimiri
Which of the following nonhuman primates does not carry the herpes B virus?
Cebus
Which of the following is a characteristic of New World monkeys?
Prehensile tail (capable of grabbing)
Before inducing anesthesia, how long should a pet rat be fasted?
fasting is not indicated
The maximum amount that can be safely administration to the rabbit by IM injection in one site is?
0.5 cc
IACUC stands for?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
What species has ventral midline sebaceous glands that are more prominent in the male?
Gerbil
The inguinal rings completely close in which of the following species?
nonhuman primate
In what species is coprophagia is a normal behavior?
rabbit
Slobbers, or moist dermatitis, is a condition that occurs in ?
rabbits
The department within the USDA that is responsible for administering the Animal Welfare Act is the?
Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service
Tularemia is most commonly associated with what species?
rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
What species is prone to trichobezoar formation?
rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Pododermatitis affects what species?
guinea pig
Which of the following species cannot synthesize vitamin C and needs to have it supplemented?
guinea pig
Kurloff corpuscles (leukocyte) are a common finding in what species?
Cavia porcellus (guinea pig)
Porphyrins are secreted by the ____ gland in rats.
harderian
The Harderian glands of rats are located behind the eyes and secrete various porphyrins that give the tears a reddish color.
Which of the following is an outbred strain of rat?
Long-EVans
The guide for the care and use of laboratory animals is used by what organization in its voluntary accreditation of laboratory animal facilities?
AAALAC - Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
What is the causative agent of Tyzzer disease?
Clostridium piliforme
Tyzzer disease is most commonly seen in what animal?q
rodent
Spenic hyperplasia (increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ (spleen)) is commonly seen in which of the following?
Ferret
What is the common cause of gastric ulcers in ferrets?
Helicobacter mustelae (bacteria)
Which of the following is a common subclinical, contagious coronavirus seen in mice used in research?
mouse hepatitus virus
What is the usual approximate life span of mice, rats, and hamsters?
3 years
What vein may readily be used for blood collection in mice and rats?
tail vein
What anatomic structure is similar in rodents and horses?
large cecum
Into what structure is the drug given when using a gavage needle in a rat?
stomach
How do pigeons blood cells differ from those of rabbits and rodents?
all of the mature blood cells are nucleated
The pigeon’s crop is part of what structure?
esophagus
What lab animal is best housed singly, because they often fight?
rabbit
In addition to cats, the cat bag is a useful restraint device for what animal?
rabbit
The armadillo is one of the few animal models of what human disease?
Leprosy
What rat is also known as the hooded rat?
long-Evans rat
What occurs in an animal with pregnancy toxemia?
ketosis
Pregnancy toxemia is most commonly seen in which of the following animals?
rabbit
Red leg is a common finding in what laboratory animal?
frogs
What is the earliest common clinical sign seen in ferrets or rabbits that are overheating?
licking their front legs
What human viral disease is contagious to nonhuman primates?
measles
Nude mice are used in research because they lack which of the following structures?
thymus gland
What is a common problem in ferrets whereby they become weak and may temporarily drag their rear legs?
insulinoma
Which of the following is a small South American primate often used as a laboratory animal?
common marmoset
What is the likely cause of vulval swelling in a spayed ferret?
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hyperadrenocorticism is?
AKA - Cushing’s disease in dogs is a condition that results from the chronic overproduction of too much glucocorticoid in the body.
What disorder is common in female rabbits older than 5 years?
Uterine adenocarcinoma
What disease are nonhuman primates routinely tested for in the laboratory setting?
Tuberculosis
Which of the following causes a proliferative otitis externa in rabbits?
Psoroptes cuniculi - ear mite
Open-rooted molars (grow continuously) are seen in which of the following animals?
guinea pig
What is not one of the common syndromes seen in rabbits with pasterurellosis?
Diarrhea
What is pasteurellosis?
a bacterial infection commonly affecting animals and sometimes transferred to humans through bites and scratches.
Which animal has a prehensile tail?
spider monkey
Scurvy is most likely to be seen in what animal?
guinea pig
The lab rat is known as Rattus norvegicus. What does Rattus refer to?
genus
In taxonomy, what does the term Rodentia refer to?
order
In what species are the young precocious?
Cavia porcellus - guinea pig
What problem is commonly associated with overfeeding pelleted feed to rabbits?
Trichobezoars
Which of the following is not considered an ape?
baboon
What is seen in chromodacryorrhea in rats?
Red tears
Which sex of rat, mouse, hamster, and gerbil has the longest anogenital distance?
males
Weaning in mice, rats, and hamsters usually occurs at what age?
3 weeks
What viral disease carried by mice and other rodents is zoonotic?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
A minimum of how many generations of brother-sister mating is necessary to create an inbred strain?
20 weeks
Ringtail in rats is most commonly used by what condition?
low humidity
What organization certifies laboratory technician and includes researchers and technicians in its membership?
AALAS - The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
What agency prepares standards and enforces the Animal Welfare Act?
USDA - United States dept . of Agriculture
Teratology involves the study of?
abnormal fetal development
Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice lack?
B and T cells
According to the AWA, which of these species must be provided with an environment adequate to promote their psychological well-being?
Nonhuman primate
Which laboratory animal is monogamous and mates for life?
Gerbil
Induced ovulators include?
Rabbit and ferret
Pyrogen and Draize tests involve which of the following species?
Rabbit
Mice, rats, and hamsters are weaned at ____ days?
21
Lymphocyte choriomeningitis, a viral disease with zoonotic potential is associated with which of the following species?
Hamster
Malocclusion in which of the following species involves elongated premolars and molars?
guinea pig
A New World monkey commonly used in research is the?
Squirrel Monkey
The species that is very susceptible to Tyzzer disease, caused by Clostridium piliforme, is the?
Gerbil
Two species that are prone to trichobezoars are the cat and the?
Rabbit
The species that is prone to nasal dermatitis initiated by its burrowing activity is the?
Gerbil
Ulcerative pododermatitis in rabbits is commonly called?
Sore hocks
A characteristic that distinguishes lagomorphs from rodents is?
double pair of upper incisors
The 1985 amendment to the AWA provided standards for the exercise of?
dogs
The species that has air sacs and lungs is the?
pigeon
HEPA is a type of?
filter
A healthy animal that is susceptible to certain diseases and is placed in a room with other animals as a means of detecting the presence of diseases-is-called?
Sentinel
Animals in which certain disease-causing agents have been eliminated are?
specific-pathogen-free
Which of the following is classified as a lagomorph?
rabbit
A breeding system in which one male is placed with two or more females is?
polygamous
The smallest hamster is the ?
Dwarf
The species that normally has cream-colored urine is the?
Hamster
The coccidia of rabbits is?
Eimeria
In rabbits, coccidiosis causes lesions in which of the following two main areas of the body?
liver and intestine
An animal that results from the introduction of genetic material (DNA) from one animal into the fertilized egg of a different animal is?
transgenic
The type of caging system that provides rodents with excellent containment and protection for disease organisms is?
microisolator
Young mice and rats are?
pups
The type of guinea pig that has short, coarse hair arranged in whorls or rosettes is the?
Abyssinian
A spayed female ferret is called?
sprite
When two inbred strains of mice are bred, the offspring are called?
hybrid
Rodents are generally fed ad libitum, which means?
free choice
Ferrets are susceptible to all diseases except?
feline distemper
The type of cage that is designed to separate urine and feces for specimen collection is?
Metabolism
The type of mouse that has a deficiency in its immune system is?
nude
Estrogen toxicity that results from prolonged estrus is a common clinical problem in which of the following species?
ferret
The species that gives birth to large precocious young is the?
guinea pig - young are well developed because of the long gestation period - 68 days
The scientific name of the rabbit ear mite is?
Psoroptes
Mus musculus is the scientific name of the?
mouse
The species that is often referred to as cavies is the?
guinea pig
Which of the following species has a gestation period of 30 days?
rabbit
Which of the following rodents has cheek pouches?
hamster
A female rabbit is called?
doe
A male guinea pig is called a?
boar
Monitoring reflexes of the rabbit for anesthesia would include all of the following except?
tail pinch
Rabbits are?
induced ovulators
Before inducing anesthesia in your rabbit you do a quick physical. You fine the rabbit’s temperature to be 39.0 degrees Celcius, the pulse to be 250 beats/min, and the respiration to be 40 breaths/min. These are all?
normal
How much water does a 3.5 kg adult rabbit drink a day?
350 mL
Snuffles in rabbits is most commonly caused by?
Pasteurella multocida or upper respiratory disease (rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, lacrimal duct infection)
The most common forms of Pasteurella multocida is?
rhinitis and sinusitis with a typical white or yellowish mucopurulent discharge
Pasteurellosis?
can produce rhinitis, torticollis, abscesses, and vaginal discharge. It is a gram-negative rod that can affect one or more body systems. The most common signs are nasal discharge and sneezing. The organism is transmitted through direct contact and via fomites and is difficult to eradicate
A client is concerned because she has noticed that a recently lactating doe seems to be abandoning her babies. When she looks in the nest, the young jump like popcorn. You suggest that she?
not worry because the doe normally nurses once a day
The normal dentition for the rabbit is?
2033/1023
A small second set of incisors called peg teeth sit just behind the larger upper incisors. Folds of skin behind the incisors and premolars limit visibility of the rest of the oral cavity. All teeth are open rooted (hypsodontic) and grow continously through life.
When doing daily examinations, you note that a rabbit has a glossy coat and no lumps, is defecating in one spot, and is passing liquid, cream-colored urine. You should?
Note on the chart that all is normal
You are to give an IM injection to a guinea pig. What maximum volume should you use?
0.3 mL
To differentiate between a male and female guinea pig, the?
male has no break in the ridge between the anus and the urethral orifice
A young inactive, ruffled-looking guinea pig with piloerection and dull eyes is brought into the clinic. The client reports that it has not eaten for a few days, is showing a shuffling gait, and is sore when touched at the joints. You notice it is dehydrated as well. The likely cause is?
Vitamin C deficiency
A client is concerned that her guinea pig is not getting enough vit. C in its diet, because she is not sure how old the food is. She would be best to?
put some kale, cabbage, and red peppers in its food hopper
A client says that she is worried because she has noticed four guinea pig pups that were born 3 hours ago and are not nursing at all, and she is positive she has been watching closely. You suggest that she?
not worry because guinea pig pups do not nurse for the first 12 - 24 hours
Regarding the reproduction of guinea pigs,?
breeding is best at about 4 to 5 months of age
With regard to the behavior of guinea pigs,?
secretions from the anal and supracaudal gland are used to mark the territory
Interesting morphophysiologic characteristics of guinea pigs include all of these except?
both sexes have two inguinal nipples
the urine is alkaline with ammonium phosphate crystals
Their blood contains Foa-Kurloff cells
- they don’t have a glandular and aglandular divided stomach
You are to give a gerbil a combination of drugs before anesthetic induction in a chamber. Which of the following drugs should not be used? What drugs could be used?
Acepromazine - do not use (lowers the seizure threshold)
Diazepam - yes
Atropine - yes
Telazol - yes
If a client asks whether its okay to feed sunflower seeds to her gerbil, you suggest that the seeds?
have increased fat and decreased calcium
You notice that one of the gerbils in a cage of postpubertal young has some nasal hair loss with some erythema and scabbing. No other alopecia is noted. This is likely caused by?
nasal dermatitis
A client wishes to get a pet gerbil. You tell him that the average life span for gerbils is?
3 years
A client wishes to get a pet hamster but wants to know how long it is expected to live. You tell her that the average life span for hamsters is about?
4 years
A client calls and says that she thinks her 2-month-old hamster has that “common hamster disease” that you hear about in the pet store. The sign she notices is likely?
Red tears
The gestation periods, estrous cycle, and litter size of gerbils, respectively are about?
16 days, 4 to 5 days, and 4 to 5 young
The gestation periods, estrous cycle, and average litter size of hamsters, respectively are about?
16 days, 4 to 5 days, and 5 to 9 young
The normal dentition for the hamster is?
1003/1003
A useful venous site for blood collection without an anesthetic in mice is the?
lateral saphenous
Up to how much blood could you safely take from your 360-g rat when doing venipuncture?
1.8 to 3.5 mL
The most effective way to prevent ringtail in suckling rats is to keep the?
humidity greater than 50%
Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis is caused by?
mycoplasma pulmonis
A healthy adult rat recovers ___ from an episode of sialodacryoadenitis.
immediately - usually shed the sialodacryoadenitis virus in about 1 week only and show a complete clinical recovery in 1 to 2 weeks. May have occasionally have permanent eye damage.
You are to give a mouse fluids on recovery from anesthesia. The maximum amount of the warmed fluids that you should be giving IP (intraperitoneal) at one dose is?
5 to 10 mL
A cage of mice is in front of you in which some mice have facial hair missing around the nose. You are best to?
separate the mouse that does not have any missing hair
Regarding the anatomy of mice and rats (mammary glands) what are the differences?
mice have 5 pairs of mammary glands and rats have 6 pair
You want to do monogamous, nonintensive, timed breeding on mice. Which of the following statements is false?
the breeding pair should be left together until after postpartum estrus
Females that are bred at the postpartum estrus have an extended gestation period. This is known as the?
Facultative diapause or delayed implantation
The Bruce effect in mice is when?
pregnant females are exposed to the urine of a strange male and abort
A small group of anestrus females come into heat when a male is introduced. This is known as the?
Whitten effect
The gland of mice and rats that secretes porphyrin in the tears is
Harderian gland
Rats are primarily?
nocturnal
What average weight do you expect your male adult mice and rats to be respectively?
30 g and 500g
A rat is all hunched up in front of you with dyspnea, inactivity, ruffled hair coat, wheezy-sounding lungs, and nasal and ocular discharge of slightly red color. There is no photophobia or a swollen neck. The vet likely suspects?
either Sendai firus or MRM (murine respiratory mycoplasmosis)
The basis of restraint techniques for most animals is proper control of the?
head
Signs of pain in a rodent include all of the following except?
Lack of appetite
change in attitude
abnormal posturing
not malocculusion
The respective gestation periods of a rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse are?
30, 68, and 21 days
One of the main disadvantages to using wire mesh floor cages is that?
the animal cannot create a microenvironment
What is a microenvironment?
the environment that immediately surrounds the animal.
It is difficult to accurately convert the drug dosage used for cats and dogs to lab animal species because the latter have a?
high basal metabolic rate relative to body surface area
Tyzzer disease is caused by?
Clostridium piliforme a bacterial disease that occurs in many rodents and other mammalian species possibly because of stress.
Sendai virus is a?
(a ribonucleic acid (RNA) Paramyxovirus - (parainfluenza type 1 virus)
The main function of brown fat tissue is to store?
glycogen
Rodents practice coprophagy primarily to recover?
B-vitamin complex
The species that does not have a fertile postpartum estrus is the ?
hamster
If the purpose of a breeding system is to decrease genetic variability, then one should?
inbreed
The young of the altricial rodents generally have their hair and open their eyes at about?
1 week of age for hair and 1 week of age for eyes
The preferred ratio of hours of light to darkness for most laboratory rodents is?
12:12
The preferred temperature for most laboratory rodent is?
21 degress C
Use of penicillin is contraindicated in the?
guinea pig
The best method for euthanizing a large group of mice is?
carbon dioxide
The most accessible vein for blood collection in the rabbit is the?
ear
Which of these is a zoonotic disease of sheep?
Orf
Which of these laboratory animal species hibernates?
hamster
A detailed description of the procedures to be used in a research project that is reviewed by an appointed committee is a?
protocol
Four or Five mice housed together have large areas of alopecia on their muzzles. The most likely problem is?
barbering
The best type of caging system for a near-term pregnant rat is?
shoebox
What animal is covered by the Animal Welfare Act?
wild mouse used in research
What zoonotic viral disease of primates produces a mild disease with ulcers on the mucous membranes and tongue in its natural host, the Macaca?
Herpes B
What laboratory animal species is most sensitive to bright light?
BALB/C mouse - retinal damage occurs in albino strains exposed to bright light
To sanitize a large piece of equipment, such as a sheep transport cage, you would use?
rack cage washer
Animals that are free of absolutely all microorganisms and parasites are called?
axenic
All of the following are outbred stocks of rats, except the?
Lewis
Long-Evans - yes
Sprague- Dawley - yes
Wistar - yes
A greasy hair coat of a gerbil indicates that the ambient?
humidity is too high
The laboratory animal species with hip glands is the?
hamster
For a strain to be considered inbred a minimum of how many generations of brother to sister or parent to offspring must occur?
20
What group reviews animal research protocols to be sure that the methods of care and use are appropriate and in compliance with federal and institutional guidelines?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
What caging material with high-impact strength is transparent and can withstand high temperatures?
Polycarbonate
Offspring of what laboratory animal species are born fully furred and with open eyes?
guinea pig
All of the following are Old world monkeys, except the?
Squirrel
Rhesus - yes
Cynomolgus - yes
Stump tail - yes
What laboratory animal species has ventral sebaceous glands?
Gerbil
What species normally has two types of feces, day feces and night feces?
Rabbit
A diet rich in Vit. C must be provided to what species because they cannot synthesize their own?
guinea pigs and nonhuman primates
A rabbit with a purulent nasal discharge and conjunctivitis would mostly likely be affected by?
Snuffles
What laboratory animal species has cheek pouches and callous pads on its buttocks?
Rhesus monkey
What organization’s major focus is voluntary accreditation of laboratory animal facilities?
American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC)
Caudal paralysis, as a consequence of injury to the spinal column form a fractured back, occurs commonly in the?
rabbit
The major causative agent of chronic respiratory disease in rats is?
Mycoplasma
Dutch and New Zealand are types of?
Rabbits
Normal body temperature is highest in the?
pigeon
What laboratory animal species has a gestation period similar to that of cats?
guinea pig
What type of guinea pig ha long, silky hair?
Peruvian
Sacculus rotundus, appendix, and cecum are parts of what laboratory animal’s gastrointestinal tract?
rabbit
A type of inbred albino mouse is?
BALB/C
Ferrets are very susceptible to:
Canine distemper
The disease of rats and mice caused by low humidity is?
ring tail
The AWA is administered and enforced by the?
United States dept of Agriculture
A male rabbit is called a?
buck
Seizures are a common problem in the?
gerbil
A common disease of juvenile hamsters is?
wet tail
A common problem that results from incorrect restraint of a gerbil is?
tail slip
All of the following are rodents, except the?
Rabbit
guinea pig - yes
hamster - yes
gerbil - yes
What is the correct term for a female guinea pig?
Sow
The species with the shortest gestation period is the?
hamster- 16-day gestation
Which of the following is the most commonly used species in research?
mouse
The scientific name of the mouse pinworm is?
Aspiculuris
The cage type frequently used for housing nonhuman primates is?
squeeze
The sex of juvenile mice is determined by?
anogenital distance
The laboratory animal species most likely to experience dystocia is a?
guinea pig
The term for parturition in the guinea pig is?
farrowing
The sex of juvenile guinea pigs is determined by?
palpation of the pelvic region
The genus and species name for the guinea pig is?
Cavia porcellus
The genus and species name for the hamster is?
Mesocricetus auratus
The genus and species name for the rabbit is?
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Of the caged birds listed, which one has the least tolerance for handling?
canaries
Of domestic fowl, which poses the least threat to a handler?
ducks
