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VTNE > VTNE > Flashcards

VTNE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main categories of the skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of fibrous joints?

A

Provide stability and protection; they are immovable joints.

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

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4
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Two atria and two ventricles.

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5
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

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6
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Facilitate gas exchange, providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

What are the three main sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

A

Filter blood to produce urine and maintain fluid balance.

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9
Q

What organs comprise the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands.

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10
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

Control other endocrine glands and regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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11
Q

How does inhalation occur?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the thoracic cavity and allowing air to enter.

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12
Q

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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13
Q

What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

A

Produce bile, process nutrients, and detoxify substances.

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14
Q

What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.

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15
Q

What are the primary pathogens that cause infectious diseases in animals?

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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16
Q

What is Leptospirosis, and how is it diagnosed?

A

A zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira spp.; diagnosed via serology (MAT) or PCR.

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of Canine Parvovirus (CPV)?

A

Severe vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and leukopenia.

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18
Q

How can Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) be prevented?

A

Keeping cats indoors and testing new cats before introduction.

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Heartworm Disease?

A

Adulticidal therapy (melarsomine) and microfilaricidal therapy (ivermectin).

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20
Q

What are the common clinical signs of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats?

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and hyperglycemia.

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21
Q

How is Lymphoma diagnosed in animals?

A

Through cytology, histopathology, and imaging techniques like ultrasound or CT

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22
Q

What are the key components of a urinalysis in clinical pathology?

A

Specific gravity, pH, protein, and glucose levels.

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23
Q

What is the primary goal of palliative care in veterinary oncology?

A

To improve the quality of life for animals with terminal illnesses.

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24
Q

What preventive measures can be taken to control zoonotic diseases?

A

Vaccination, environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene practices.

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25
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

The science that studies how drugs interact with living organisms to produce therapeutic effects.

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26
Q

What are the main classifications of veterinary drugs?

A

Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, antiparasitics, anesthetics, and analgesics.

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27
Q

Define pharmacokinetics.

A

The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.

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28
Q

What factors influence drug absorption?

A

Drug solubility, formulation, gastrointestinal motility, and route of administration.

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29
Q

Explain the role of veterinary technicians in pharmacology.

A

They administer medications, monitor patient responses, educate clients, manage pharmacy inventories, and maintain documentation.

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30
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The study of how drugs exert biochemical and physiological effects on target tissues and organs.

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31
Q

What are adverse reactions?

A

Undesirable effects of drug therapy that can range from mild symptoms to severe complications.

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32
Q

Name two specialized areas where pharmacology is applied in veterinary medicine.

A

Emergency and critical care, and oncology.

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33
Q

What is precision medicine in veterinary pharmacology?

A

Tailoring pharmacological therapies based on genetic profiles and individual patient responses.

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34
Q

Why is client education important in pharmacology?

A

It ensures proper medication administration, adherence to treatment schedules, and awareness of potential side effects.

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35
Q

What is surgical nursing?

A

The comprehensive care of animals undergoing surgery, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care.

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36
Q

What are key tasks performed during preoperative preparation?

A

Pre-anesthetic evaluations, obtaining patient histories, implementing fasting protocols, and administering premedications.

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37
Q

Why is intraoperative support critical?

A

It ensures surgical asepsis, monitors patient vital signs, assists with surgical techniques, and anticipates the surgical team’s needs.

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38
Q

What is the role of veterinary technicians in postoperative care?

A

Monitoring recovery, managing pain, administering medications, and educating pet owners about care instructions.

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39
Q

Name two types of anesthetic agents used in veterinary medicine.

A

Inhalant anesthetics (e.g., isoflurane) and injectable anesthetics (e.g., propofol).

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40
Q

What is the purpose of anesthesia monitoring?

A

To ensure patient safety and optimize anesthesia efficacy through continuous assessment of vital signs and anesthesia depth.

41
Q

Describe a common technique for wound closure.

A

Simple interrupted sutures, continuous sutures, or tissue adhesives to promote healing and minimize complications.

42
Q

What is multimodal pain management?

A

Using multiple analgesic methods, such as opioids and NSAIDs, to enhance pain relief and improve recovery.

43
Q

How should complications related to anesthesia be managed?

A

By monitoring for hypotension and hypoventilation, and responding to issues like emergence delirium.

44
Q

Why is professional development important for veterinary technicians?

A

It enhances clinical skills, keeps them updated on advances in surgical nursing and anesthesia, and upholds ethical standards.

45
Q

What is the purpose of diagnostic imaging in veterinary medicine?

A

It provides insights into internal anatomy and pathology, aids in disease detection, treatment planning, and monitoring patient progress.

46
Q

Name three common diagnostic imaging modalities.

A

Radiography (X-ray), ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT).

47
Q

What are the applications of radiography?

A

Evaluating fractures, assessing thoracic conditions, and detecting abdominal abnormalities.

48
Q

How does ultrasonography work?

A

It uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of soft tissues and organs.

49
Q

What is computed tomography (CT) primarily used for?

A

Neurological imaging, trauma assessment, and oncological imaging.

50
Q

Describe the role of veterinary technicians in diagnostic imaging.

A

They ensure optimal image quality, patient safety, and effective communication within the veterinary team.

51
Q

What precautions should be taken for radiation safety in diagnostic imaging?

A

Implementing protocols to protect patients and staff from unnecessary radiation exposure.

52
Q

What are advances in veterinary diagnostic imaging?

A

Three-dimensional imaging, contrast-enhanced imaging, and minimally invasive techniques.

53
Q

How is diagnostic imaging integrated into veterinary specialties?

A

It is used in emergency medicine, oncology, orthopedics, and for exotic species.

54
Q

Why is continuous professional development important for veterinary technicians in diagnostic imaging?

A

It helps them stay updated on advances and uphold safety and quality standards in imaging practices.

55
Q

Why is dental health important in veterinary medicine?

A

It impacts the overall well-being and longevity of animals, preventing oral pain and systemic health issues.

56
Q

What types of teeth are found in dogs and cats?

A

Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each serving specific functions.

57
Q

What is the purpose of dental charting?

A

To accurately record findings during oral examinations to track dental health over time.

58
Q

What are the components of professional dental cleaning (prophylaxis)?

A

Scaling to remove plaque and tartar, followed by polishing to smooth tooth surfaces.

59
Q

Describe the role of veterinary technicians in dental procedures.

A

They assist in patient preparation, instrument sterilization, and client education about dental care.

60
Q

What is periodontal probing used for?

A

To measure pocket depth around teeth, assessing periodontal health and guiding treatment.

61
Q

How does digital radiography benefit veterinary dentistry?

A

It provides immediate image acquisition and enhanced diagnostic detail compared to traditional X-rays.

62
Q

What techniques can be used for home dental care education?

A

Demonstrating proper brushing techniques and recommending dental diets or treats.

63
Q

What advances in veterinary dentistry allow for minimally invasive procedures?

A

Dental endoscopy and laser dentistry.

64
Q

Why is continuous education important for veterinary technicians in dentistry?

A

To uphold high standards of dental care and stay updated on best practices and technological advancements.

65
Q

Why is understanding animal behavior important for veterinary technicians?

A

It ensures the safety of both the animal and the handler, facilitating effective and safe handling.

66
Q

What are some common signs of canine aggression?

A

Growling, baring teeth, raised fur, and lunging.

67
Q

Describe a technique for feline restraint.

A

The “kitty burrito” method, which involves wrapping the cat in a towel to prevent scratching and biting.

68
Q

What is the principle of minimizing stress during restraint?

A

Restraint should be gentle and minimally invasive to avoid causing injury and to reduce stress for the animal.

69
Q

What role do veterinary technicians play in behavioral assessment?

A

They assess an animal’s behavior upon arrival, identify signs of stress or aggression, and communicate this information to the veterinarian.

70
Q

How does positive reinforcement aid in behavior modification?

A

By rewarding desired behaviors, such as using treats or praise, to encourage those behaviors in the future.

71
Q

What is desensitization in the context of managing animal behavior?

A

Gradually exposing an animal to a feared stimulus at low intensity to build tolerance over time.

72
Q

Name a modern behavior modification tool used in veterinary practice.

A

Clicker training, which marks desired behaviors with a click followed by a reward.

73
Q

What is pheromone therapy, and how does it benefit animals in veterinary settings?

A

It uses synthetic pheromones to mimic natural calming signals, helping to reduce stress in animals.

74
Q

Why is continuous education important for veterinary technicians regarding animal behavior and restraint?

A

It keeps them informed about the latest techniques and enhances their skills for better patient care.

75
Q

What is the importance of large animal medicine?

A

Ensuring the health and productivity of farm animals such as cattle and horses.

76
Q

What are common clinical signs of colic in horses?

A

Pawing, rolling, and decreased appetite.

77
Q

What is laminitis in equines?

A

An inflammation of the hoof’s lamina, often associated with metabolic disorders.

78
Q

What virus is responsible for Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

A

A retrovirus transmitted by flies and other insects.

79
Q

What vaccinations are important for equine health?

A

Vaccinations against tetanus, equine influenza, and West Nile virus.

80
Q

What is a common disease in cattle that causes inflammation of the mammary gland?

A

Mastitis.

81
Q

What does reproductive management in cattle involve?

A

Techniques such as artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis.

82
Q

What are clinical signs of psittacosis in birds?

A

Respiratory distress, nasal discharge, and lethargy.

83
Q

What is a common metabolic disease in reptiles?

A

Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD).

84
Q

What is important for the nutritional care of small mammals?

A

Diets that meet the specific nutritional needs of each species.

85
Q

What is the main strategy for wildlife rehabilitation?

A

Rescue and monitoring prior to release into their natural habitat.

86
Q

What role do laboratory procedures play in veterinary medicine?

A

They provide critical insights for diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient care.

87
Q

What is a Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

A

A hematological test that assesses red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to detect conditions like anemia and infection.

88
Q

Why is laboratory testing important for disease monitoring?

A

It enables early detection of health issues and assessment of treatment efficacy.

89
Q

What does clinical chemistry analyze?

A

Biochemical components in serum, plasma, or other fluids, including liver enzymes and renal function tests.

90
Q

What is the purpose of bacterial culture and sensitivity testing?

A

To identify bacteria and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment.

91
Q

What is Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) used for?

A

To collect samples from masses or organs for cytological evaluation.

92
Q

What parameters are evaluated in a urinalysis?

A

Physical characteristics, chemical composition, and microscopic examination of urine.

93
Q

What are veterinary technicians responsible for in laboratory procedures?

A

Sample collection, laboratory analysis, and data interpretation.

94
Q

What is Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)?

A

Rapid diagnostic tests that provide immediate results, useful in emergency situations.

95
Q

How do automated analyzers enhance laboratory procedures?

A

They streamline workflow and improve accuracy in tests across various disciplines.

96
Q

What is the significance of quality control in laboratory testing?

A

To verify the accuracy and reliability of test results.

97
Q

How do advances in molecular diagnostics benefit veterinary medicine?

A

They allow for precise identification of pathogens and genetic disorders using PCR and DNA sequencing.

98
Q

What role do veterinary technicians play in client communication regarding lab results?

A

They effectively communicate test results and treatment recommendations to pet owners with empathy.

99
Q

Why is proficiency in laboratory procedures important for veterinary technicians?

A

It ensures accuracy in diagnostics and contributes significantly to patient care and practice success.

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