VSC Flashcards
Sudoriferous changes represent which part of the VSC?
Neuropathology
Turgidity represents which part of the VSC?
Histopathology
Surface tonicity represents which part of the VSC?
Myopathology
Tissue prominency represents which part of the VSC?
Kinesiopathology
Palpatory tenderness represents which part of the VSC?
Neuropathology
Deep tonicity represents which part of the VSC?
Myopathology
Sclerotogenous pain represents which part of the VSC?
Neuropathology
Myotogenous pain represents which part of the VSC?
Neuropathology
What are the 3 stages of active light touch in static palpation?
Sudoriferous changes
Turgidity
Surface tonicity
What are the 3 stages of active deep touch in static palpation?
Tissue prominency
Palpatory tenderness
Deep tonicity
T7 decreased P-A extension, decreased left rotation, decreased right lateral bend. What is the listing?
T7 will not glide forward, so it’s stuck posterior. Spinous will not move right and superior (stuck to the left) therefore L. Cannot close down on the right side with right lateral bend and this is the opposite side of where the spinous is located (stuck) therefore I. The convexity is on the opposite side of the spinous, therefore must use transverse process. So T.
PLI-T
C4 decreased P-A extension, decreased right rotation, decreased left lateral bend.
PRI-L
L1 decreased P-A extension, decreased left rotation, decreased left lateral bend.
PLS
L3 decreased P-A extension, decreased right rotation, decreased left lateral bend.
PRI-M
C5 decreased P-A extension, decreased left rotation, decreased right lateral bend.
PLI-L
What aspect(s) of the PART system relate to histopathology?
Pain and tenderness, Asymmetry/misalignment, tissue/tone changes.
What aspect(s) of the PART system relate to kinesiopathology?
Asymmetry/misalignment, range of motion abnormality
Which aspect(s) of the VSC account for x-rays?
Kinesiopathology, histopathology
Which aspect(s) of the VSC account for T in the PART system?
Histopathology, neuropathology, myopathology.
Which aspect(s) of the VSC account for only A and R in the PART system?
Kinesiopathology
What component of static palpation uses “fingerprinting” (broad finger contact), and what aspect of the VSC does it correlate to?
Surface tonicity. Myopathology.
What is anthropometrics (anthropometry)?
Refers to the measurements of the human individual. It was an early tool of physical anthropology to determine the variation in human structure, in identification, in
paleontology and in various attempts to correlate physical with geo-cultural and psychological traits.
In visualizing posture, what perspective do you want to document findings?
From patient’s perspective. (i.e. their left, their right, ant, post).
Why is it important for a patient to be gowned for posture analysis?
To correctly visualize symmetry/asymmetry
What points are used to identify list?
Sternum to baseline
What points are used to identify head tilt?
Glabella, nose, chin, parallel baseline
Tissue prominency or AKA….
Bony prominency
With a tissue prominency, what structures would one mainly find on a vertebra?
Lamina, tvp, mamilaries, spinous.
Every effect has a cause and every cause has effects.
Principle #17 Cause and Effect
- Innate Intelligence adapts forces and matter for the body as long as it can do
so without breaking a universal law, or Innate Intelligence is limited by the limitations of matter.
24 Limits of adaption
Interference with the transmission of Innate forces causes incoordination of disease.
30 The cause of dis-ease.
The signs of life are evidence of the intelligence of life.
18 Evidence of life
Interference with transmission in the body is always directly or indirectly due to
subluxations in the spinal column.
31 Subluxations
A “living thing” has an inborn intelligence within its body, called Innate Intelligence
20 Innate intelligence
Active organization – homeostasis
21 The mission of innate intelligence
Position/motion
Kinesiopathology
Neuropathology
Compression, stretch, axoplasmic flow
Asymmetry, weakness, tonicity
Myopathology
Edema/inflammation cascade
Histopathology
With which components of the VSC would you want to take a history?
All of them
What is the 4th T?
Threshold
For which aspect of the VSC could you evaluate by testing blood chemistry?
Histopathology
T/F
X-ray, CAT scans, and MRI’s cannot be used to identify misalignments?
False, they can
What is stress diagnostic imaging?
X-raying the patient using bending views
What are inclinometers and gioniometers used to measure?
Range of motion
How would you check for the A aspect of the PART system?
Observation
Static/dynamic palpation
Diagnostic imaging
How would you check for the R aspect of the PART system?
Observation
Motion palpation
Stress diagnostic imaging
Range of motion measuring devices
How would you check for the T aspect of the PART system?
Observation (Visible changes such as signs of spasm,
inflammation, swelling, rigidity, etc.)
Palpation
Use of instrumentation
Tests for length and strength ( Document leg length,
scoliosis contracture, and strength of muscles that
relate).
What component(s) of the VSC does postural analysis satisfy?
Kinesiopathology
What aspect of the VSC can postural analysis reveal?
Where the VSC is chronic
What kind of pathologies can postural analysis reveal?
Cushing’s syndrome, scoliosis, sensory neural adaptation, juvenile discogenic disease, arthritis, compression fracture, etc.
What are the choices for list?
Right/left/neutral
How do you identify overall list in lateral view?
AC joints to baseline
How do you detect a thoracic kyphosis?
Physical examination and visualiztion of a
“rounded back appearance”
Radiological mensuration (Cobb Angles)
How do you identify thoracic rotation?
Chest, back prominence.
What are the causes of a thoracic kyphosis?
Degenerative diseases of the spine Fractures caused by Osteoporotic compression fractures Injury (trauma) Endocrine diseases Connective tissue disorders Infection (tuberculosis) Muscular dystrophy Polio Spina bifida Tumors
What are some causes of a lumbar lordosis?
Chronic poor posture (muscle imbalance) Injury (facet syndrome) Ricketts (in children) Abdominal visceral adiposity Pregnancy Degenerative disease
What reference points are used in posterior view for an overall (global) list?
If confirmation is needed - VP to baseline
How do you identify head translation?
EOP - VP - parallel grid line
What should always be used in a postural analysis as a frame of reference?
Parallel grid line
How do you detect a lumbar lordosis?
Physical examination and visualiztion of a
“swayback”
Radiological mensuration
How do you identify head rotation
Facial prominence (Jaw or cheek)
What is the MC type of scoliosis in adolescents?
Idiopathic (curves worsen during growth spurts)
What tools can you use to identify a scoliosis?
Physical examination and visualiztion of a spinal
curves - Scoliometer
Radiological mensuration (Cobb Angles)
Scoliometer readings of 5 degrees or more tells us what?
Have high likelihood of Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees on X-Ray
How do you detect pelvic tilt?
Iliac crests - PSIS’s - parallel grid line
How do you best detect pelvic rotation?
Gluteal prominence
What is used for the most consistent leg check?
Hydraulic HyLo table
What part of the shoe should you NOT use as a frame or reference in a leg check?
Bottom of the shoe
What should you use as a valid frame of reference for a leg check?
Seam of the shoe or “like points”. Medial maleoli can also be used but they are subject to anatomical variance so it’s not the most accurate.
