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Immunologie > Vragen Immunologie > Flashcards

Vragen Immunologie Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different antigen presenting cells?

A
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • B cells
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2
Q

Which cells express MHC class I?

A

All nucleated cells

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3
Q

Which cells do express MHC class II?

A

All immune cells:

  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • T cells
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4
Q

What different uptake mechanisms are there for antigens that are presented in MHC class II?

A
  • Pinocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Endocytosis
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5
Q

What type of pathogen is presented in MHC class II

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi

NIET VIRUS

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6
Q

What are the different signals necessary for CD4+ T cell activation?

A

1) cytokines
2) antigen presented in MHC class II
3) co-stimulation

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7
Q

What are the different signals necessary for CD8+ T cell activation?

A

1) cytokines
2) antigen presented in MHC class I
3) co-stimulation

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8
Q

What type of pathogen is presented in MHC class I through the normal route and not via cross presentation?

A

Virus

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9
Q

Which signal is not essential to stimulate a naive CD8+ T cell?

A

Chemokines

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10
Q

Which signal is essential to stimulate a naive CD8+ T cell

A
  • Peptide in MHC class I
  • Co-stimulatory molecules
  • Cytokines
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11
Q

Where are naive CD8+ T cells activated?

A

lymph nodes and spleen

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12
Q

Where is MHC class II loaded?

A

Endolysosome

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13
Q

What is the function of the invariant chain?

A
  • Stabilising the MHC class II molecule

- Preventing loading of the MHC class II molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

What does an immature dendritic cell need to mature?

A

Toll-like receptor signaling

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15
Q

How is a protein antigen processed for MHC class I?

A

Proteasome

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16
Q

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) will not attack a healthy non-infected cell

A

True

17
Q

A pathogen is entering a wound in the skin and is taken up by dendritic cells. How do they migrate to the lymph node?

A

Afferent

18
Q

Which factors mediate dejndritic cell homing to a lymph node?

A
  • Chemokines (attrack immune cells to the lymph node)

- Adhesion molecules (necessary to enter the lymph node)

19
Q

How can the immune system be used for anti-cancer treatmen?

A
  • Vaccination with dendritic cells
  • Adoptive transfer of T cells
  • Checkpoints blockade with antibodies
20
Q

Which of the following can be used as vaccination strategy and how would you use it?

A
  • Dendritic cells (loaded with peptide)
  • Proteins (need adjuvant)
  • Viruses (weakened or dead)
  • Bacteria (weakened or dead)
21
Q

What can be used as an adjuvant in a vaccination

A
  • Dead bacteria

- Synthetic Toll-like receptor ligand

22
Q

The purpose of a dendiritc cell based on vaccination strategy is to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

A

True

23
Q

Vaccination causes autism

A

False

24
Q

Where are the peptides loaded on MHC class I

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

What does a naive CD8+ T cell become when it has received 3 stimulation signals?

A

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL)

26
Q

What signals lead to T cell deletion or anergy induction by dendritic cells in the lymph node?

A

Signal 1 (for specificity)

27
Q

What happens to patients that have no CD4+ T helper cells?

A

They have deficient B cell responses and cannot raise IgG titers to vaccinations

28
Q

Some viruses try to escape the effector CD8+ T cell response directed to virally infected cells. What would be a possible pathway of these viruses to do this?

A

Inhibition of TAP functions (= membrane protein in the ER via which peptides enter the ER)

29
Q

How many peptides are presented in how many MHC class I molecules in a healthy situation?

A

Thousands of peptides bound to and presented by 6 different MHC class I molecules (3 different types, by mom and dad)

30
Q

Is the CD8+ T cell response to the same influenza virus strain identical in each individual?

A

No, because different antigenic peptides form the influenza virus will be presented in different HLA molecules in different individuals

Immunologie (2 decks)

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