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PAM > VPH, Welfare, Ethics > Flashcards

VPH, Welfare, Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Day One Competences

A

The ability to perform the roles and tasks required by one’s job to the expected standard

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2
Q

Definition of a disease

A

A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

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3
Q

Zoonoses of dogs

A

Salmonella, campylobacter, cryptosporidium, toxocara, echinococcus (tapeworm), mange and fleas, leptospirosis, ringwom, rabies

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4
Q

Zoonoses of cats

A

Salmonella, campylobacter, cryptosporidium, toxoplasma, fleas, mites (cheyletiella), cowpox, ringworm

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5
Q

Three types of anthrax

A

Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous

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6
Q

Cause of ringworm

A

Fungi (dermatophytes), microsporon spp and trichophyton spp

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7
Q

Causes and symptoms of erysipelas

A

Bactera (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Causes septicaemia and diamond dermatitis and endocarditis and arthritis in pigs and painful skin lesions and rarely endocarditis in humans

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8
Q

Dangers in dog bites

A

Pasteurella spp and capnocytophaga canimorsus which can cause renal failure

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9
Q

Cause and symptoms of cat scratch fever

A

Bartonella henselae causing infected lesion with local gland swelling, conjunctivitis, severe if immunosuppressed

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10
Q

Role of WHO

A

Authority for health within UN. Provide leadership, shape research, set standards, monitor health trends

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11
Q

Roles of OIE (World organisation for animal health)

A

Improving animal health worldwide - welfare, food safety and biodiversity

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12
Q

Role of FAO (food and agriculture organisation of the UN)

A

Food security - making sure people have enough high quality food, eradicate hunger, eliminate poverty, economic and social progress, management and utilisation of resources

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13
Q

Roles of World Trade Organisation within VPH

A

Uses WHO, FAO and OIE standards

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14
Q

Roles of DEFRA

A

Animal and plant health (zoonotic diseases), veterinary medicines directorate

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15
Q

Roles of the Deartment of Health (DH)

A

Public health england - zoonoses in humans

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16
Q

Roles of the Food Standards Agency (FSA)

A

Regulates food and feed

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17
Q

Roles of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

A

Research zoonoses and emerging livestock systems

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18
Q

Role of the Wellcome Trust

A

Charitable foundation dedicated to improvements in human and animal health

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19
Q

Roles of the EU Commission

A

Have Health and Consumers Directorates-General called DG SANCO. A branch of this is the Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) in Dublin.

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20
Q

Roles of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

A

Risk assessment for food and feed safety. Has journal for food and feed, nutrition, health and welfare

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21
Q

Roles of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

A

Strengthen Europe’s defences against zoonotic infections

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22
Q

Roles of the Veterinary Public Health Association

A

BVA specialist division dealing with Veterinary Public Health

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23
Q

Roles of the Association of Government Veterinarians

A

Specialist BVA division for vets working in government and in executive agencies

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24
Q

Roles of the Federation of Vets in Europe

A

Some European vet organisations are a member of it. Represent vocational groups of the veterinary profession eg practising vets (UEVP) state veterinary officers (EASVO)

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25
Q

Role of the World Veterinary Association (WVO)

A

International representative of global vet medicine. Has agreements with OIE, FAO and WHO

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26
Q

How many UK households have pets?

A

13 million (45%)

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27
Q

How many animals are kept as pets?

A

71 million (24.5 million excluding fish)

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28
Q

How many dogs and cats are there in the UK?

A

8.5 million of each

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29
Q

How many rabbits, birds and pet fowl are there in the UK?

A

1 million of each

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30
Q

Value of UK livestock output in 2013?

A

£14.2 billion

31
Q

How many farm businesses rely on livestock?

A

150,000+

32
Q

How many poultry are there in the UK?

A

162.6 million

33
Q

How many sheep are there in the UK?

A

32.8 million

34
Q

How many cattle are there in the UK?

A

9.8 million

35
Q

How many pigs are there in the UK?

A

4.9 million

36
Q

Definition of domestication?

A

The process by which a population of animals becomes adapted to man and the captive environment by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations and environmentally-induced developmental events recurring during each generation

37
Q

What are the five freedoms?

A

Freedom from malnutrition, freedom form thermal and physical discomfort, freedom from injury and disease, freedom the express normal behaviour, freedom from fear and stress

38
Q

What is the thermoneutral zone?

A

The range of environmental temperatures over which an animals metabolic rate is constant, at a minimum and independent of environmental temperature

39
Q

How do pigs and poultry maintain homeothermy?

A

Adjust heat production in cold environments by increasing food intake, not shivering

40
Q

How do ruminants and horses maintain homeothermy?

A

Horses sweat, sheep pants and cattle do both. Created wide thermoneutral zone where heat is lost by evaporation with negligible metabolic cost.

41
Q

What are the three ethical positions?

A

Either animals don’t require moral consideration, animals require it because they can suffer or the require it because they have intrinsic value

42
Q

What is Deontology?

A

Emphasis on principles guiding behaviour rather than outcomes, treats animals as ends in themselves not means to an end

43
Q

What are the five ethical theories?

A

Contractarianism, utilitarianism, animal rights, relational, respect for nature

44
Q

What is contractarianism?

A

Morality is based on agreement. Must be able to enter into a contract, animals can’t enter into contracts because they don’t speak and can’t reason. Anthropocentric - can use animals for our benefit but we must treat them well to preserve contracts with other humans.

45
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

Emphasises consequences of actions, seeks to maximise good outcomes for the greatest number. Preference utilitarianism aims to maximise the satisfactions of preferences of all species - Singer said farming cannot satisfy their preferences.

46
Q

What are relational views?

A

Animals are dependents, owners are trustees, bond means animals have expectations of care and if owner fails this is unjust

47
Q

What are the “respect for nature” views?

A

Species have value, genetic integrity is important, respects inherent, genetically-driven nature of animal. Leave animals as evolution made them.

48
Q

What is the definition of welfare?

A

Its state as regards to its attempt to cope with its environment.

49
Q

What is a problem with the WTO?

A

Animal welfare legislation can be seen as a restriction to trade

50
Q

What did the OIE produce standards on in 2002?

A

Agreed in 2005 on land animal transport, sea transport, stunning and slaughter, killing for disease control.

51
Q

How are pain thresholds measured?

A

Use an electric pressure probe and measure the point when the animal feels it as pain by looking at changes in the spinal cord.

52
Q

How is locomotion scored?

A

1 - normal, 2 - mildly lame, 3 - moderate lameness, 4 - severe lameness

53
Q

What is the animal needs index (ANI)?

A

Need for mobility, social contact, good flooring, good climatic conditions, good quality human care

54
Q

What is a consequentialist theory?

A

Animals may be used as a means to an end (eg contractarian, utilitarian, respect for nature)

55
Q

What is a deontological theory?

A

That humans have obligations to animals (eg rights, relational)

56
Q

What is the six-point framework for ethical decision making?

A

Identify all courses of action, establish interests of affected parties, identify ethical issues involved, establish legal positions of dilemma, choose a course of action, minimise impact of the decision

57
Q

What should be considered when making an ethical position?

A

Non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy and justice

58
Q

WHO definition of Veterinary Public Health

A

The sum of all contributions to the physical, mental and social well-being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary science

59
Q

What does the control of dogs order 1992 say?

A

Must wear collar with name and address. Even if they have a microchip. But not guide dogs or working dogs.

60
Q

What does the clean neighbourhoods and environment act 2005 and the anti-social behaviour, crime and policing act 2014 say?

A

Must follow dog control orders eg “no dogs allowed”. Dog wardens now take dogs.

61
Q

If you want to retain a dog you’ve found, how long do you have to keep it for?

A

28 days

62
Q

What does the dangerous dogs act 1991 and the 1997 amendment say?

A

Against the law to be dangerously out of control

63
Q

How long is the prison sentence if your dog is out of control? How long if it injures someone? Kills someone? Injures an assistance dog?

A

6 months, 5 years, 14 years, 3 years

64
Q

Which are the banned dog breeds?

A

American pit bull terriers, fila brasiliero, dogo argentino and japanese tosa

65
Q

What is the scottish control of dogs act 2010?

A

“Deed not breed”

66
Q

What is the road traffic act 1988?

A

Dogs near roads must be on leads, must give details if you hit a dog

67
Q

What does the animals act 1971 say?

A

You are liable for damage caused by your dog

68
Q

What does the dogs (protection of livestock) act 1953 say?

A

Dogs shouldn’t worry or chase livestock

69
Q

What does the animal welfare act 2006 say?

A

5 freedoms, have to be over 16

70
Q

What does the dogs act 1871 say?

A

Dangerous dogs must be under proper control

71
Q

What does the breeding and sale of dogs (welfare) act 1999 say?

A

Can’t mate a bitch less than 12 months old, not whelp more than 6 litters, not whelp twice within twelve months, not sell a puppy until 8 weeks old

72
Q

What does the animal boarding establishments act 1963 say?

A

Accommodation must be suitable, disease spread must be prevented, may be inspected

73
Q

How many stray dogs in the UK? How many put to sleep?

A

107,228 and 9,310

PAM (3 decks)

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