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Farm 5th Year > VPH Abattoir Parasites > Flashcards

VPH Abattoir Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 main parasites of concern in abattoirs within he UK?

A
  1. Taenia saginata
  2. Taenia solium
  3. Taenia bovis
  4. Taenia ovis
  5. Taenia hydatigena
  6. Taenia multiceps
  7. Echinococcus granulosas
  8. Echinococcus multiocularis
  9. Ascaris suum
  10. Trichinella spiralis
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2
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for taenia saginata?

A

Definitive: human
Intermediate: cattle

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3
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for taenia solium?

A

Definitive: human
Intermediate: pigs or humans

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4
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for taenia hydatigena?

A

Definitive: dog, fox
Intermediate: cattle, sheep (more common)

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5
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for taenia ovis?

A

Definitive: dog, fox
Intermediate: sheep, goat

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6
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for taenia multiceps?

A

Definitive: dog
Intermediate: cattle, sheep

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7
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for echinococcus granulosus?

A

Definitive: dog
Intermediate: sheep, cattle, humans, rodents

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8
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for echinococcus multiocularis?

A

Definitive: dog
Intermediate: sheep, cattle, humans, rodents

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9
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for fasciola hepatica?

A

Definitive: cattle, sheep, goats
Intermediate: freshwater snail (lymnaea truncatula)

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10
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for Ascaris suum?

A

Definitive: pig
Intermediate: NONE - direct lifecycle

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11
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts for trichinella spiralis?

A

Definitive: pigs
Intermediate: humans, rodents, horses, (bears)

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12
Q

What is the lifecycle of taenia saginata/solium in which the human is the definitive host?

A

Humans ingest cysts in meat –> adult in SI = definitive –> proglotids/eggs shed in faeces –> pig/cattle/intermediate host ingests contaminated faeces from human manure spreading

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13
Q

What is the lifecycle of taenia saginata/solium in which the human is the intermediate host?

A

Human reingests proglotids from another human/self (poor hygiene) –> oncospheres in SI = intermediate –> oncospheres penetrate SI walls –> circulate musculature –> develop into cysticerci (cysticercosis)

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14
Q

Lesions in cattle: calcified/small white cysts in the following locations: heart, liver, skeletal masseter muscle, diaphragm
What is the parasite?

A

Taenia saginata

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15
Q

Lesions in pigs: calcified/small white cysts in the following locations: heart, liver, skeletal masseter muscle, diaphragm
What is the parasite?

A

Taenia solium

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16
Q

Lesions in sheep: very large fluid filled cysts (sometimes with a scolex head within)
Locations: liver, diaphragm, omentum and general abdomen
What is the parasite?

A

Taenia hydatigena

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17
Q

Lesions in sheep: white serpentine tracks on surface of liver
What is the parasite and what causes these “tracks”?

A

Taenia hydatigena

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18
Q

Lesions in sheep: small, white cysts sometimes calcified with a “gritty” texture
Locations: heart, diaphragm, skeletal muscle
What is the parasite?

A

Taenia ovis

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19
Q

Lesions in sheep: cysts within brain, eyes, muscle or CNS
What is the parasite?

A

Taenia multiceps

20
Q

If a sheep is showing neuro signs, emaciation or oedema in antemortem stage what parasite are you most suspicious of?

A

Taenia multiceps

21
Q

Lesions in sheep: Large, well-demarcated, encapsulated cysts filled with yellow fluid
Locations: liver, lungs, CNS, bone, heart (can be found anywhere)
What parasite is this?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

22
Q

Lesions in sheep: cysts within lungs +/- multiple areas of the carcass with poorly defined borders
What is the parasite?

A

Echinococcus multiocularis

23
Q

Lesions in sheep: “Pipe stem” dilated bile ducts. Black adhesions between liver and diaphragm
Location: liver and bile ducts
What is the parasite?

A

Fasciola hepatica

24
Q

Lesions in pigs: diffuse/multifocal white spots on the liver.
What is the parasite?

A

Ascaris suum “milk spot”

25
Q

What should you do with carcasses infected with taenia saginata?

A

More than 1 location: condemn carcass - Category 2

1 location only: Infected carcase frozen for 3 weeks at -7 degrees or 2 weeks at -10 degrees

26
Q

What should you do with carcasses infected with taenia solium?

A

Condemn carcase (only 1 location - not always a complete carcass rejection)
Category 2

27
Q

What should you do with carcasses infected with taenia hydatigena?

A

If multiple locations: Condemn whole carcass - category 2

If only one organ Partial rejection (liver/affected area - Category 2

28
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with taenia ovis?

A

If 1 location (heart): partial rejection of organ - Category 2

If >3 locations: condemn whole carcase - Category 2

29
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with taenia multiceps?

A
  • If in 1 location
    • Under 12 months: Condemn brain and head if present here only = category 2
    • Over 12 months: Condemn brain and head if present here only = category 1
  • If in multiple locations condemn whole carcass:
    • Over 12 months SRM category 1/carcass category 2
      Under 12 months whole carcass category 2
30
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with echinococcus granulosus?

A

If present Partial rejection of liver/affected organ - Category 2

31
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with echinococcus multiocularis?

A

If present = NOTIFY APHA

32
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with fasciola hepatica?

A

Partial rejection of liver only - Category 3

33
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with ascaris suum?

A

Partial rejection of liver - Category 3 (safe for animals)

34
Q

Is Taenia saginata in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is zoonotic
Yes it is in the UK but rare and mostly in the north (flooding)

35
Q

Is Taenia solium in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is zoonotic - causes neurocysticosis
Yes it is in the UK - RARE

36
Q

Is Taenia hydatigena in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is zoonotic
Yes it is in the UK but it is NOT VERY COMMON

37
Q

Is taenia ovis in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

No it is not zoonotic
Yes it is in the UK - very low level and often in older sheep

38
Q

Is taenia multiceps in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is zoonotic - can cause coenurosis
No - only Wales and Scotland

39
Q

Is echinococcus granulosus in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is not zoonotic
Yes it is in the UK - wales and hebrides

40
Q

Is echinococcus multiocularis zoonotic and is it in the UK?

A

Yes it is zoonotic - can be fatal for humans
No it is not in the UK - NOTIFIABLE

41
Q

Is fasciola hepatica in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes - only from infected water cress (not animal carcass)
Yes it is endemic in the UK

42
Q

Is ascaris suum in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

No it is not zoonotic
Yes it is in the UK - common in outdoor pigs

43
Q

Is trichinella spp (spiralis) in the UK and is it zoonotic?

A

Yes it is zoonotic - can be fatal for humans
No it is not in the UK - NOTIFIABLE

44
Q

What should you do with a carcass infected with trichinella spiralis?

A

If found TOTAL REJECTION - Category 2

DO NOT FREEZE THE CARCASS: kills cyst and may need to sample for trichinella

45
Q

Explain how and when trichinella sampling is carried out

A
  • Testing for pigs (OV): animals from uncontrolled housing (access to outside), wild boars - info from FCI
    • Sample taken from diaphragm (striated muscle) & submitted for testing.
      • Testing via trichinelloscopy (Microscopy).
    • Digestion method to remove muscle cell to look for parasite
      Carcasses must be stored in a separate chiller and IDENTIFIABLE for sample results
46
Q
A

Farm 5th Year (2 decks)

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