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DVM 3-2, 2nd Semester > VPATH 3205 - SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (1st Term Coverage - Haemic to Respiratory System) > Flashcards

VPATH 3205 - SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (1st Term Coverage - Haemic to Respiratory System) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of RBC disorders?

A

Abnormalities in shape and abnormalities in mass

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2
Q

True or False
Horse RBCs are larger than dog’s

A

False

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3
Q

Which species have the smallest RBC size among mammals?

A

Goats

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4
Q

Which species have a central oval nucleus and an oval shaped RBCs?

A

Avian

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5
Q

Enumerate the three abnormalities in shape of RBCs

A
  1. Poikilocytosis
  2. Spherocytosis
  3. Elliptocytosis
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6
Q

This alteration indicates variable shaped rbc in circulation and represents an admixture of abnormally shaped rbc in varying occurrences.
A. Elliptocytosis
B. Spherocytosis
C. Poikilocytosis

A

C. Poikilocytosis

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7
Q

These are cells with spicules

A

Acanthocytes

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8
Q

Teardrop shaped rbc

A

Dacryocytes

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9
Q

Sickle cells

A

Drepanocytes

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10
Q

thin cells

A

Leptocytes

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11
Q

fragmented RBCs

A

Schizocytes

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12
Q

Target cells

A

Codocytes

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13
Q

This change in shape of RBCs is associated with liver disease and disorders of lipid metabolism such as in diabetes.

A

Acanthocytes

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14
Q

This red cell shape is associated with fibrotic states of the marrow, in hemolytic anemia, and in reaction to certain drugs such as phenothiazine and chloramphenicol.

A

Dacryocytes

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15
Q

The origin of this red cell shape is thought to be in the pitting function involved in removing red cell inclusions.

A

Dacryocytes

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16
Q

This red cell shape develops from excess membrane and in cases where there is decreased hemoglobin that results in a relative membrane increase.

A

Codocytes

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17
Q

This red cell shape is associated with hemoglobinopathies, iron deficiency anemia, obstructive liver disease, and liver cirrhosis.

A

Codocytes

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18
Q

This red cell shape changes result from membrane damage and the usual mechanism involved is trapping of RBCs in the circulation by fibrin seen in various vascular diseases such as thrombosis and produces this cell in circulation.

A

Schizocytes

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19
Q

Their appearance in blood smears is common in vascular diseases, and in and in disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A

Schizocytes

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20
Q

Schizocytes are common in which species?

A

Normal young ruminants

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21
Q

Burr or Crenated cells

A

Echinocytes

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22
Q

This red cell shape change can be induced by a number of chemical agents, in cases of uremia, and in neoplastic diseases such as in carcinomas.

A

Echinocytes

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23
Q

This red cell shape change is thought to be based on the decrease of cell ATP, increase in calcium, and the membrane content of lysophosphatides.

A

Echinocytes

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24
Q

This red cell change is associated with certain blood parasites such as malaria and in trypanosomiasis.

A

Drepanocytes

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25
Q

In deer, this red cell shape is the normal shape of their RBCs.

A

Drepanocytes (Sickle cell)

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26
Q

This red cell shape indicates the presence of red cells with increased central thickness and is recognized in blood smears by the high staining of centers of cells.

A

Spherocytosis

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27
Q

True of False
Spherocytosis are not truly spherical

A

True

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28
Q

This red cell shape change denotes the circulation of invariably shaped red cells from spherical to almost rod-like.

A

Elliptocytosis

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29
Q

This refers to an increase of red cell mass

A

Polycythemia / Erythrocytosis

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30
Q

Other name for Erythrocytosis

A

Polycythemia

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31
Q

This term is descriptive and is employed to indicate an increase in the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.

A

Polycythemia / Erythrocytosis

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32
Q

True or False
An elevated packed cell volume following a decrease in
plasma volume such as may occur in dehydration is considered as polycythemia

A

False

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33
Q

True or False
A true polycythemia occur in a disease called high altitude disease, where there occur an increase in red cell mass in cattle reared in the highlands and suddenly brought into the lowlands.

A

True

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34
Q

This is a decrease in red cell mass or hemoglobin concentration

A

Anemia

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35
Q

Anemia is a primary disease

A

False.
Anemia, with few exception, is not a primary disease, rather develops secondary to another disorder. Anemia is a sign or a manifestation of a disease and does not constitute a specific disease diagnosis.

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36
Q

Anemia is called _____ if the cells are of normal size for the species.
A. Microcytic
B. Normocytic
C. Macrocytic

A

B. Normocytic

37
Q

Anemia is called _____ if they appear smaller.
A. Microcytic
B. Normocytic
C. Macrocytic

A

A. Microcytic

38
Q

Anemia is called _____ if they appear larger.
A. Microcytic
B. Normocytic
C. Macrocytic

A

C. Macrocytic

39
Q

Normal hemoglobin
A. Hypochromic
B. Normochromic
C. Hyperchromic

A

B. Normochromic

40
Q

Below normal hemoglobin
A. Hypochromic
B. Normochromic
C. Hyperchromic

A

A. Hypochromic

41
Q

Average mammalian
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration or MCHC

42
Q

there is an evident replacement of red cells

A

Regenerative anemia

43
Q

there is no evidence of red cell replacement

A

Non-regenerative anemia

44
Q

WBCs are produced in which organ
A. Spleen
B. Heart
C. Lymph nodes
D. Bone marrow

A

D. Bone marrow

45
Q

Those leucocytes that are at the bone marrow
awaiting differentiation and release, including
those in lymph nodes and spleen constitute.
A. Marginal pool
B. Marrow pool
C. Circulation pool

A

B. Marrow pool

46
Q

Those leucocytes present at the margins of blood
vessels
A. Marginal pool
B. Marrow pool
C. Circulation pool

A

A. Marginal pool

47
Q

Those leucocytes that are carried in the circulation
A. Marginal pool
B. Marrow pool
C. Circulation pool

A

C. Circulation pool

48
Q

An increase in the number of circulating
leucocytes

A

Leucocytosis

49
Q

True or False
A leucocytopenia is seen where there occur an active infection, non-fatal intoxication causing widespread tissue damage, in neoplastic diseases, in events of hemolysis, in severe hemorrhages and trauma, and in hypersensitivity states.

A

False. Leucocytosis

50
Q

a decrease in
leucocyte count

A

leucopenia

51
Q

True or False
Leucopenia reflects a disease of bone marrow that is unable to produce white blood cells to populate the marginal and the circulating pool.

52
Q

This may be due to degeneration, depression, depletion, or destruction of bone marrow

A

Leucopenia

53
Q

This term is used when all WBCs are decreased

A

Panleucopenia

54
Q

This organ produces platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes such as
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes such as the lymphocytes and
monocytes.
A. Spleen
B. Bone marrow
C. Thymus
D. Lymph nodes

A

B. Bone marrow

55
Q

This organ has a very large functional reserve and is able to respond to the requirements of most disease situations for its cellular elements.

A

Bone marrow

56
Q

What is the color of the bone marrow of young animals?

A

Red (dynamic activity)

57
Q

What is the color of the bone marrow of adult animals?

A

Yellow (fatty)

58
Q

This shows transformation of the bone marrow into a jelly-like mass, and this is fairly common in starvation, wasting diseases, and severe parasitic infections.
A. Myeloid hyperplasia
B. Fat resorption
C. Pancytopenia
D. Marrow aplasia

A

B. Fat resorption

59
Q

Occur when there is increased production at the expense of other cell lines following increased demands such as may occur in various infections.
A. Myeloid hyperplasia
B. Fat resorption
C. Pancytopenia
D. Marrow aplasia

A

A. Myeloid hyperplasia

60
Q

A bone marrow change that result from irradiation,
chemical and bacterial toxins, chronic
administration of some drugs such as
chloramphenicol and intoxications such as
bracken fern poisoning.
A. Myeloid hyperplasia
B. Fat resorption
C. Pancytopenia
D. Marrow aplasia

A

C. Pancytopenia
or
D. Marrow aplasia

61
Q

It is the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast on bone marrow and is thought to be a part of the repair process and as a consequence of hemolytic anemia.

A

Myelofibrosis

62
Q

Metastasis of neoplastic cells to the bone marrow is called
A. Myelopthisis
B. Myelodysplasia
C. Dysmyelopoiesis
D. Myelofibrosis

A

A. Myelopthisis

63
Q

A bone marrow retrogressive change that involves faulty maturation, development and cell division of marrow cells. This result to the presence of blast cells in circulation and is seen in various disease conditions where there is increased demands for replenishment of red and white blood cells.
A. Myelopthisis
B. Myelodysplasia
C. Dysmyelopoiesis
D. Myelofibrosis

A

B. Myelodysplasia
or
C. Dysmyelopoiesis

64
Q

This refers to the abnormal proliferation of marrow cells and may include myelodysplasia and neoplasia.

A

Myeloproliferative disorder

65
Q

It is characterized by the presence of a large number of neoplastic cells of myeloid origin commonly called
leukemia.

A

Myeloproliferative disorder

66
Q

a large number of neoplastic
cells of myeloid origin

67
Q

It is the single largest component of the reticuloendothelial system.
Spleen
Kidney
Liver
bone marrow

68
Q

Temporary holding site for both T and B-lymphocytes.

69
Q

An enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegally

70
Q

True or False
Diffuse splenomegally occur following inflammation of the spleen itself.

71
Q

True or Flase
In right-sided congestive heart failure, blood is dammed on the lungs.

A

False. Blood is dammed on the visceral organs.

72
Q

This condition of spleen is a common accompaniment of bacterial septicemias and systemic viral infections.
Splenomegally
Splenitis

73
Q

True or False
Atrophy of the spleen occurs in animals that died of severe blood loss.

74
Q

They filter blood of excess fluid, with the excess fluid channeled back onto the circulation.

A

Lymph nodes

75
Q

They serve as temporary holding sites for migrating cells of the immune system, in particular, the T-lymphocytes that participate in immune surveillance.

A

Lymph nodes

76
Q

This term is a non-specific term applied to enlargement of the lymph nodes.

A

Lymphadenopathy

77
Q

This term refers to the reduction in the size of the lymph node seen in immunodeficiency disease such as the
Arab foal syndrome, and in lymphoid exhaustion

A

Senile atrophy

78
Q

True or False
The lymph node is a common site for tumor metastasis.

79
Q

It is the most common tumor that involves the lymph nodes causing them to become very enlarged and firm.

A

Malignant lymphoma or lymphosarcoma

80
Q

This organ serves as the principal site for the maturation of T-lymphocytes.
A. Spleen
B. Bone marrow
C. Thymus
D. Lymph nodes

81
Q

True or False
Shortly after birth, the
thymus undergo involution where the parenchyma of the thymus becomes scanty.

82
Q

Agenesis or hypoplasia may occur as part of a congenital defect of what organ of which species of animal?

A

Thymus of nude mice

83
Q

A congenital defect of nude mice.

A

Agenesis of the thymus/ hypoplasia of the thymus

84
Q

True or False
Atrophy of the thymus is due to iatrogenic cortisone
administration, or as part of hyperadrenocortisolim.

85
Q

Primary neoplasia of the
thymus includes…

A

Epithelial thymoma and Thymic lymphosarcoma.

86
Q

This condition interferes with lymphatic drainage
causing hydrothorax.

A

Epithelial thymoma of thymus

87
Q

True or False
The thymus is suspected to play as the
primary site of the neoplasm in the case of lymphoma or lymphosarcoma.

88
Q

True or False
The lymph nodes are suspected to play as the
primary site of the neoplasm in the case of lymphoma or lymphosarcoma.

A

False. Thymus, not lymph nodes

DVM 3-2, 2nd Semester (1 decks)

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