VP7+8 Flashcards
Hyperaemia
The active process of increasing the blood flow to a tissue during eg. inflammation.
Congestion
A passive process due to decreased outflow from a tissue, eg. secondary to a local obstruction (something tight around a limb)
Haemorrhage
Escape of blood from vessels
Petechial haemorrhage
Small haemorrage, 1-2mm diameter either due to a capillary rupture or clotting problem
Ecchymoses haemorrhage
A heamorrhar 1-3cm diameter, your regular bruise.
Suffusive haemorrhage
A heamorrhage that is covering a large area
Rhectic haemorrhage
A rupture causing a haemorrhage, eg a fracture-related haemorrhage
Haemorrhagic diathesis
Increased tendency for haemorrhages after minor injuries, eg due to clotting problems.
Haemostasis
Blood clotting, arrests bleeding from ruptured or damaged blood vessels. Either primary, secondary or tertiary.
Primary haemostasis
The platelet response (turning dendritic) to exposed collagen fibers and von Willerbands factor.
Secondary haemostasis
Activation of the coagulation cascade by activated platelets (releasing factor 12 to activate factor 11 = thrombin).
Tertiary haemostasis
Fibrinolysis, the breakdown of fibrin into plasmin to balance the reaction.
Thrombus
A formation of thrombocytes, fibrin and other blood elements in blood vessels. Will have a firm attachment to the blood vessel wall.
PM clot
Coagulation of the blood as a normal post mortem change, esp found in the ventricles of the heart. Smooth surface and easily removed.
Embolism
The breaking off of a tissue/aggregation that will travel in the blood stream to a distant part.
