vowels

Question 1

What are vocoids

Answer 1

Vowels and glides/semivowels (sounds preceded or followed by a vowel)

Question 2

What are vowels?

Answer 2

Articulation of vocoids (vowels + glides) involves doming of the tongue body

Question 3

How do we describe vowels? (4 descriptors)

Answer 3

1. Jaw position- is it open or close (tongue positioned as close as possible to the hard palate of mouth as it can be without creating constriction)
2. Frontness/ backness- which part of the tongue is raised (front, back, central)
3. Roundness- are lips spread or rounded (unrounded vs rounded)
4. Tense or lax? - tense involves more extreme articulations than lax and have longer durations e.g. i, e, u

lax vowels have less extreme articulatoru postures and are shorter in duration e.g. [ɪ,ɛ,ʌ,ʊ]

Question 4

describe: [ʊ]

Answer 4

Near-close (or high) back lax rounded vowel.
Standard English “put”

Question 5

[ɛ]

Answer 5

Open- mid (or mid) front lax unrounded vowel.
Standard English “head”

Question 6

[ɪ]

Answer 6

Near-close (or high) front lax unrounded vowel
Standard English “bit”

Question 7

[u]

Answer 7

Close (or high) back tense rounded vowel
French “vous”

Question 8

[i]

Answer 8

Close (or high) front tense unrounded vowel.
Standard English “bead”

Question 9

what is cardinal vowel 1.

Answer 9

[i] close, front, unrounded

Question 10

Cardinal vowel 2.

Answer 10

[e]- close-mid front unrounded

Question 11

Cardinal vowel 3

Answer 11

[ɛ]- open-mid front unrounded

Question 12

Cardinal vowel 4

Answer 12

[a]-open front unrounded

Question 13

Cardinal vowel 5

Answer 13

[ɑ]- Open back unrounded

Question 14

Cardinal vowel 6

Answer 14

[ɔ]- open-mid back unrounded

Question 15

Cardinal vowel 7

Answer 15

[o]- close mid back rounded

Question 16

Cardinal vowel 8

Answer 16

[u]- Close back rounded

Question 17

What are monophthongs?

Answer 17

Simple vowels, single sound segment [i], [ɛ], [ʌ] etc.

Question 18

what are diphthongs?

Answer 18

Diphthongs= complex vowel, 2 sounds. The second part of the diphthong is always lax. e.g. goat [əʊ], face [eɪ]

Question 19

What are connected speech processes?

Answer 19

Changes in sounds due to the overlap of articulations or timings of gestures due to the dynamic nature of speech.

Question 20

What is coarticulation/ Assimilation?

Answer 20

Coarticulation= phonetic process where one sound becomes more similar to another.

Assimilation= the phonological process of what rules a sound goes through to become another one.

Question 21

What type of coarticulation is it when the preceding sound affects the following sound i.e AB –> AA

Answer 21

Perseverative coarticulation or progressive assimilation

Question 22

What type of coarticulation is it when the following sound affects the preceding sound i.e AB –> BB

Answer 22

Anticipatory coarticulation/ regressive assimilation