vowels Flashcards
What are vocoids
Vowels and glides/semivowels (sounds preceded or followed by a vowel)
What are vowels?
Articulation of vocoids (vowels + glides) involves doming of the tongue body
How do we describe vowels? (4 descriptors)
- Jaw position- is it open or close (tongue positioned as close as possible to the hard palate of mouth as it can be without creating constriction)
- Frontness/ backness- which part of the tongue is raised (front, back, central)
- Roundness- are lips spread or rounded (unrounded vs rounded)
- Tense or lax? - tense involves more extreme articulations than lax and have longer durations e.g. i, e, u
lax vowels have less extreme articulatoru postures and are shorter in duration e.g. [ɪ,ɛ,ʌ,ʊ]
describe: [ʊ]
Near-close (or high) back lax rounded vowel.
Standard English “put”
[ɛ]
Open- mid (or mid) front lax unrounded vowel.
Standard English “head”
[ɪ]
Near-close (or high) front lax unrounded vowel
Standard English “bit”
[u]
Close (or high) back tense rounded vowel
French “vous”
[i]
Close (or high) front tense unrounded vowel.
Standard English “bead”
what is cardinal vowel 1.
[i] close, front, unrounded
Cardinal vowel 2.
[e]- close-mid front unrounded
Cardinal vowel 3
[ɛ]- open-mid front unrounded
Cardinal vowel 4
[a]-open front unrounded
Cardinal vowel 5
[ɑ]- Open back unrounded
Cardinal vowel 6
[ɔ]- open-mid back unrounded
Cardinal vowel 7
[o]- close mid back rounded
Cardinal vowel 8
[u]- Close back rounded
What are monophthongs?
Simple vowels, single sound segment [i], [ɛ], [ʌ] etc.
what are diphthongs?
Diphthongs= complex vowel, 2 sounds. The second part of the diphthong is always lax. e.g. goat [əʊ], face [eɪ]
What are connected speech processes?
Changes in sounds due to the overlap of articulations or timings of gestures due to the dynamic nature of speech.
What is coarticulation/ Assimilation?
Coarticulation= phonetic process where one sound becomes more similar to another.
Assimilation= the phonological process of what rules a sound goes through to become another one.
What type of coarticulation is it when the preceding sound affects the following sound i.e AB –> AA
Perseverative coarticulation or progressive assimilation
What type of coarticulation is it when the following sound affects the preceding sound i.e AB –> BB
Anticipatory coarticulation/ regressive assimilation
