Voting Flashcards
This is a method for a group, such as a meeting or an electorate, in order to make a collective decision or express an opinion usually following discussions, debates, or election campaigns.
Voting
Democracies elect holders of high office by _______
Voting
A sacred right and power that citizens in a democratic country exercise to select their leaders.
Voting
List of choices of an individual
Ballot
Is a ballot which the voter ranks
the choices in order of
preference.
Preference Ballot
A table that provides information the number and how voter would rank the alternatives if their first choice was unsuccessful
Preference Schedule
What are the Methods of Voting?
- Plurality Method
- a. Plurality Elimination without Rank
- b. Plurarity Elimination with Rank - Borda Count Method
- Pairwise Comparison Method
The candidate with the most votes wins
Plurality Method
The winning candidate does not have to
have the majority vote (More than 50%
of the total vote)
Plurarity Method
Alternative choices are not considered
Plurarity Method
Candidates who get the majority vote wins
Plurarity with Elimination w/o Rank
The process repeats until a winner is declared
PLURALITY WITH ELIMINATION W/O RANK
Limitation: expensive and time consuming
PLURALITY WITH ELIMINATION W/O RANK
Instant Runoff Method
PLURALITY WITH ELIMINATION WITH RANK
Eliminate the candidate with the
fewest number of first-place voters
PLURALITY WITH ELIMINATION WITH RANK
● If there are n candidates or issues in an election, each voter ranks the candidates or issues by giving;
● – n points to the voter’s first choice
● – n-1 points to the second choice and so
on
BORDA COUNT METHOD OF VOTING
The candidate with the greatest total
points will win.
BORDA COUNT METHOD OF VOTING
Each candidate is compared one-on-one with each other (Head-to-Head method).
PAIRWISE COMPARISON VOTING METHOD
The candidate with the greatest number of points wins the elections.
PAIRWISE COMPARISON VOTING METHOD
A candidate receives ___ point for a win, ___ points for a tie, and ___ point for a loss.
one point, 0.5 points, 0 point
What are the 4 Fairness Criterion?
- Majority criterion
- Monotonicity criterion
- Condorcet criterion
- Independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion
If there is a candidate that has
majority of first-place votes, then that candidate is the winner of the election
Majority criterion
If candidate A is a winner of an
election and, in a re-election, all changes in the ballots are changes favorable only to A, then candidate A is the winner of the election
Monotonicity criterion
If there is a candidate that is
preferred by the voters over each of the other candidates (all possible head-to- head matchups), then that candidate is the winner of the election
Condorcet Criterion
If candidate A is a winner of an election, and (or more) of the other choices is disqualified/withdraw and the ballots recounted, then candidate A is still the winner
Independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion
There is no voting method involving three or more choices that satisfies all four fairness criteria.
ARROW’S IMPOSSIBILITY THEOREM
It was proposed by Kenneth Arrow in his 1951 bookSocial Choice and Individual Values
ARROW’S IMPOSSIBILITY THEOREM
