Von neuman and Harvard (with cisc risc cpu)

Question 1

What is von neumann architecture?

Answer 1

Processor can access instructions and data in the main memory as required to execute the program. It does this by using dedicated connections called buses. Address bus identifies addressed location and data bus transfers contents to and from that location.

This means that the same address and data buses are used in the process of transferring instructions and data between main memory and the processor. 3rd bus, control bus, used to synchronise and control operations.

Question 2

What is in the von neumann architecture?

Answer 2

Consists of:
- processor
- memory unit communicate directly with processor
- connections for input output devices
- secondary storage for saving/backing up data

Question 3

What is the Harvard architecture?

Answer 3

Harvard architecture mostly used in embedded systems. Has 2 memory units rather than 1, separating data and instructions to having its own memory unit.

Question 4

What is in the Harvard architecture?

Answer 4

Consists of:
- processor
- separate memories for data and instruction, communicate directly with processor
- connections for input output devices
- secondary storage for saving/backing up data

Question 5

Comparison between neumann and harvard architectures

Answer 5

Each memory unit in the Harvard architecture can be adapted to meet the needs of a particular system; each unit can be different size, word length or implemented using different technology. Von neumann allows for the instructions and data to be saved in same memory unit, which can be exploited by hackers. harvard usually used in embedded systems. basically, used in computer systems that are designed purposefully to perform an algorithm. Whilst von Neumanns architecture enables a more flexbile use of the main memory, allowing processor to run a variety of programs that are not known in advance. Used in general-purpose computers that are expected to accommodate the varying needs of the end user: like running numerous applications

Question 6

What is a risc processor?

Answer 6

Works with simple methods that tries to perform lines of code in as few cycles as possible. Therefore may need longer code to be able to perform a task

+ less cycles executed
+ simple code used

• uses lots of RAM, can cause system bottlenecks

Question 7

What is a cisc processor?

Answer 7

Works with more complex methods. Tries to reduce the number of lines that the code needs to work. However, will need more cycles for each instruction.

+ efficient use of ram
+ less lines

• more cycles executed