Vomiting Flashcards
which two parts of medulla control neural regulation of vomiting
- vomiting/emetic centre
2. chemoreceptor trigger zone CTZ
where is the chemoreceptor trigger zone CTZ
who does it receive info from
where does it send its info to
in the floor of 4th ventricle
labyrinth -> vestibular nuclei -> CTZ –> vomiting centre –> VOMIT
name 4 classes of anti-emetic
antihistamines
antimuscarinics
dopamine antagonists
serotonin antagonists
which part of brain do antihistamines work on
higher cortical centres
which part of brain do antimuscarinisic (M2) work on
vestibular nuclei
which part of brain dopamine antagonists and serotonin antagonists work
in the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
side effects of antimuscarinics (eg. hyosine hydrobromide)
dry mouth blurred vision increased intraocular pressure hot and flushed skin dry skin bradycardia urinary retnetion constipation
what is hyosine hydrobromide
an M1 antimuscarinic
what is hyosine butylbromide
used in acute spasm/bowel colic
name 3 antihistamines
cyclizine
promethazine
cinnarizine
SE of antihistamines
drowsiness
anti-muscarinic effects
give 3 examples of dopamine (D2 R) antagonists
prochlorperazine
chlorpromazine
domperidone
metoclopramide
where do 5HT3 antagonists work
give an example
at CTZ
ondansetron
main contraindication of ondansetron (5HT3)
congenital long QT syndrome
5 layers of gut smooth muscle (from outer to inner surface)
serosa longitudinal circular submucosa mucosa (with muscularis mucosae deep within)
