Voluntary Manslaughter: Loss of Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What is voluntary manslaughter?

A

The defendant has both the actus reus and mens rea for murder but can use a defence

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2
Q

What are the defences available for voluntary manslaughter?

A
  • Loss of Control
  • Diminished Responsibility
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3
Q

What is the penalty for voluntary manslaughter?

A

Discretional life sentence, rather than murder’s mandatory life sentence

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4
Q

What act governs voluntary manslaughter?

A

Coroners and Justice Act 2009

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5
Q

What is S.54(1)(a) CJA 2009?

A

Defendant’s acts or omissions resulted from a loss of control

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6
Q

What is S.54(1)(b) CJA 2009?

A

Loss of control had a qualifying trigger

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7
Q

What is S.54(1)(c) CJA 2009?

A

A person of the same characteristics would have acted in the same way

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8
Q

What was held in R v Jewell?

A

There was not enough evidence, there must be more evidence than the defendant’s ‘bare assertion’

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9
Q

What defence did loss of control replace?

A

Provocation

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10
Q

What is stated in S.54(2) CJA 2009?

A

“It does not matter whether or not the loss of control was sudden”

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11
Q

What is stated in S.54(4) CJA 2009?

A

Loss of Control “does not apply when the defendant acted in a considered desire for revenge”

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12
Q

What was held in R v Baillie?

A

The COA allowed the claim as there was no time to cool down between the provocation and killing

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13
Q

How would R v Baillie be different under S.54(4) CJA 2009?

A

There was revenge and he would be denied his defence

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14
Q

What was the view of the 2006 Law Reform Report for “murder, manslaughter and infanticide”?

A

Loss of control should be removed completely as women in abusive relationships might kill of anger fear and frustration

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15
Q

What is a S.55(3) qualifying trigger?

A

Defendant had a fear of serious violence against themselves or another person

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16
Q

What is a S.55(4)(a) qualifying trigger?

A

Loss of control was due to something said or done that constitutes grave character

17
Q

What is a S.55(4)(b) qualifying trigger?

A

The grave character justified a sense of being wronged

18
Q

What is a S.55(5) qualifying trigger?

A

A combination of both triggers

19
Q

What what held in R v Dawes?

A

The defendant had induced the violence and could not rely on S.55(3)

20
Q

What is stated in S.55(6)(a) CJA 2009?

A

Where the defendant has induced the violence in order to have an excuse to use force, he can’t rely on a S.55(3) trigger

21
Q

What was held in R v Doughty?

A

The jury should’ve decided provocation by ‘things done or said’

22
Q

What was held in R v Zebedee?

A

The defendant was convicted of murder because no qualifying triggers were present

23
Q

What is stated in S.55(6)(c) CJA 2009?

A

Where the thing said or done amounts to sexual infidelity, it is disregarded.

24
Q

What was parliaments intention for S.55(6)(c) CJA 2009?

A

“No one owns or possesses their spouse or partner”

25
Q

What was held in R v Clinton?

A

Sexual infidelity cannot be relied upon by itself, a mistrial was ordered

26
Q

What was held in R v Rejamski?

A

Mental illnesses are not considered due to S.54(1)(c)

27
Q

What was held in R v Asmelash?

A

Loss of control must be referenced without reference to intoxication
Lord Chief Justice

28
Q

What was held in R v Van Dongen and Another?

A

A normal person would’ve lost control but not have acted in the same way
Lord Justice May corroborated this

29
Q

What case was the provocation defence established?

A

R v Duffy

30
Q

What was held in R v Wilcocks?

A

Personality disorder affected the gravity of the qualifying trigger and not general capacity and so could be considered