Voluntary and forced collectivisation (13)

Question 1

What had Stalin committed to the USSR?

Answer 1

To collective farming as a result of the Great Turm of 1928.

Question 2

Initially, what had the focus been on?

Answer 2

Voluntary collectivisation which was persuading peasants of benefits of working communally through posters, leaflets, and films which had limited effect.

Question 3

What was the “Ural-Siberian method” of grain requisitioning?

Answer 3

Involving the forcible seizure of grain and closing down private markets this had brought unrest in rural areas.

Question 4

By 1929 what percentage of all farms had been collectivised?

Answer 4

Less than 5%

Question 5

What did Stalin believe about some of the grain procurement problems had been caused by?

Answer 5

The richer kulaks holding back supplies.

Question 6

What and when did Stalin announce he was going to do?

Answer 6

Annihilate the kulaks as a class.

Question 7

How did collectivisation start?

Answer 7

It started with government beginning to campaign with the issues of new procurement quotas, with punishments for peasants who did not keep up with deliveries.

Question 8

What did a deliberate propaganda campaign against the kulaks try and create?

Answer 8

A rift within the peasant class between poor and better-off farmers.

Question 9

By the end of 1929, what had the government begun?

Answer 9

A programme of all-out, forced collectivisation.

Question 10

Where were peasants driven into?

Answer 10

Into collectives by local party members (often students from cities filled with fervour to create a new socialist society.

Question 11

Who helped among the process of collectivisation?

Answer 11

The OGPU and the Red Army where necessary, identifying, executing or deporting kulaks.

Question 12

What percentage of kulaks represented the peasant households?

Answer 12

4%

Question 13

What was a kulak?

Answer 13

A wealthy or prosperous peasant

Question 14

What did Stalin declare about the kulaks?

Answer 14

They must be “liquidated as a class” and they were not permitted to join collectives.

Question 15

What percentage of plant households were destroyed and how many peasants were forced to migrate to north and east to poorer land?

Answer 15

15% of plant households were destroyed

150,000 peasants were forced to migrate

Question 16

What did Stalin announce in January 1930?

Answer 16

That 25% of grain farming areas were to be collectivised that year.

Question 17

By March 1930 what percentage of plants households had been collectivized?

Answer 17

58%

Question 18

How did they collectivise peasant households?

Answer 18

Through a mixture of propaganda and force, in face of mounting peasants disquiet, the speed at which this happened was incredibly rapid.

Question 19

What did Stalin write on an article about Party members?

Answer 19

They were becoming “dizzy with success”.

Question 20

What returned for a brief amount of time?

Answer 20

Voluntary collectivisation was permitted until after the harvest had been collected that year, and peasants were allowed to leave collectives and their livestock returned to them, provided they were not a kulak.

Question 21

What percenatge of housolds were still collectivised by October 1930 due to retuning voluntary collecticisation?

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

Once the peasnats had shown the spring crop in 1931,he process of collectivisation gradually increased, to reach what percentage of housholds by 1941?

Answer 22

100%

Question 23

What was a kolkhoz?

Answer 23

A typical collective farm created by combining small individual darms together in a cooperative structure.

Question 24

What did the average kolkoz compromise?

Answer 24

75 families and their livestock.

Question 25

How did you create a kolkoz?

Answer 25

Communal fields had to be mapped put and work parties had to join the peasants to dig new ditches, build new fences and sometimes establish communal buildings.

Question 26

What were establish in some kolkhozes?

Answer 26

Schools and clinics.

Question 27

What did each kolkhoz have to deliver?

Answer 27

A set quota to produce to the State.

Question 28

What was the percentage of crops when the quotas were high?

Answer 28

40%

Question 29

What were the purchase prices like set by the government?

Answer 29

A low purchase price was set by the government but the farm was not paid if the quotas were not met.

Question 30

What did each kolkoz share?

Answer 30

Any profits or goods left after procurement among the collective farm members, according to the number of “labor days” he or she had to contribute to the farming year.

Question 31

What was each kolkoz under?

Answer 31

Under control by a Communist Party member who acted as the Chairman of the collective. This ensured communist control in rural areas.

Question 32

What did each kolkhoz forbid?

Answer 32

Peasants from leaving the kolkhoz through a system if interntional passports.